Application Letter full block Essay

Chemical Merchants Company 100 B Dry Gutch Alley Makati City [City/State/Zip] Rainiebelle A. Biag 412 Blk 9A Lot 57 Brgy. N. Virata San Jose G. M. A Cavite 09099945141 rainiebellebiag@rocketmail. com Ms. Hendrix Rose Quinikis, I am writing to you to express my interest in the Business Development Representative position currently available at Chemical Merchants Company. I believe that I am an excellent fit for this position, given that I am a business management major in marketing management graduate, I have the independence and entrepreneurial skills that is required for a business development representative, I can take charge in encouraging revenue and cross-selling products to potential customers and clients that already exist and I know that my skills and qualifications prove my ability to fill that role. In the job description for the position that Chemical Merchants posted, there were some requirements that stood out to me. A Marketing Management Graduate. Required to manage office efficiency through support of systems and staff, setting clear objectives, and completing tasks with a deadline. Exceptional professional interpersonal skills a must, as the right. Can take charge in encouraging revenue and cross-selling products. My background and career goals seem to match your job requirements well. I am confident that I can perform the job effectively. Furthermore, I am genuinely interested in the position and in working for Chemical Merchants Company. Your firm has an excellent reputation and comes highly recommended to me I believe that after you have reviewed my application and resume you will see that I possess an excellent skill set which matches your requirements perfectly. If you have any further questions or require additional documentation, please feel free to contact me. Thank you for your time and consideration. Respectfully, Rainiebelle A. Biag

Crime and Victimization Essay

In our scenario, Dr. O’Donnell touched on the psychodynamic theory of crime. This theory suggests that a person commits a crime because of an unbalanced or antisocial personality. These offenders may have also been bulled or abused as children which may have led to their instability. An example of this theory is the case of Adam Lanza. On December 14, 2012, Mr. Lanza entered Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Ct and opened fire on the school. He shot and killed twenty children and six adults before turning the gun on himself. According to investigative reports, Mr. Lanza was shy as a young pre-teen and then developed into a mentally unstable adult who was a virtual recluse and had an obsession with mass murder and war. Although Mr. Lanza was taken out of public school at 16 and homeschooled by his mother, there was nothing to suspect he would later commit such a horrible act. There was no indication of a motive and because Mr. Lanza took his own life we will never know w hy. There are some indications he had an obsession with mass murder and collected numerous paper clippings and stories of these crimes especially the Columbine High School shooting, however, there were no indications of abuse. This leads us to believe that a mental or personality disorder may have been at play. Unfortunately, crime is everywhere around us. In my own metropolitan area there was recently a horrible event. On January 26 Darion Aguilar arrived at Columbia Mall in Columbia, Md. He hung around the mall for a short while before assembling a shotgun in a back room then opening fire at a retail store killing two people then himself. Howard County Police department were called and investigated the incident. They found that Mr. Aguilar had no criminal record and legally purchased the gun he used about a month before the incident. Because this was an event that took place locally the Howard County Police Department had jurisdiction over this case. This was appropriate because it did not cross state lines or involve drugs or other  illegal activity. While the S.W.A.T team was deployed no other agencies were actively involved. Recently our neighborhood was attacked by a group of juveniles from another local area. Some of my neighbor’s property was destroyed, windows broken, and numerous items stolen. Our community sits off of a major highway, however, it is not very well lit and we do not have a security person or Neighborhood Watch group. If we were to adopt Sgt. Evans’ suggestions of adding more lights and video cameras, I think we would have a better chance of making sure this type of thing doesn’t happen. Also, I feel like if we were to add a Neighborhood Watch program and we all became actively involved in it, we would see that these kids would be deterred from coming around. I also think that it would be a good idea to enforce the curfew rule we have in place now. Children under the age of 18 are to be indoors by 9 p.m. during the week and 10 p.m. on the weekends. I feel like the parents of the kids who are causing problems need to be held responsible to some extent. If they made sure the kids were in at curfew then again we would not have such a problem. References Information retrieved from: www.cnn.com/2013/11/25/justice www.wjla.com/articles/2014/01 www.washingtonpost.com/politics/SandyHook

Biography Of Rachel Carson

A zoologist, biologist, environmentalist, writer, ecologist and a champion of nature conservation- Rachel Carson was all this and much more. From writing radio scripts during Depression to being the author of the best selling â€Å"Silent Spring† her journey was long, illustrious and motivational. The way she battled all odds, struggled with financial troubles and then later suffered all the indignities thrown at her after the publication of â€Å"Silent Spring† teaches us a lot about life and makes us look up to her with respect and admiration.Her early life was instrumental in making her the person she was. Her interest in nature was kindled during her childhood. Rachel Carson was born on May 27, 1907 of a father who was an ambitious real estate developer and a mother who was a teacher. Her father’s plans for their estate in Springdale, Pennsylvania did not quite materialize and thus from the very childhood, Rachel was no alien to financial difficulties. Her mo ther instilled in Rachel her own love for nature and books.Hence the training of a future environmentalist and a best selling author began early in life. Rachel started writing at a very early age and her publication was for a children’s magazine at the age of ten. Thus the die was cast and she was to follow this course till the very end of her life. After passing out from Parnassus High School, she enrolled in the Pennsylvanian college for Women (now Chatham College). She majored in English but later changed her subject to zoology.In 1932, Carson received her master’s degree. Her financial condition took a turn for the worse during the Depression and especially after the death of her father in 1935. Desperately trying to make ends meet for her family, she accepted the job of a radio writer for a programme on fishery and marine life produced by the United States Bureau of Fisheries. There seemed no end in sight to her miseries on the personal front. Her sister died in 1936, leaving behind two daughters.Carson took the girls in as part of family and they shifted to Silver Spring, Maryland to counter problems like her commutation to her job, the girls’ education and her mother’s old age. Following her excellent performance in the civil services examination, Carson went out to become the first ever female biologist to work at the Bureau. This was the beginning of a career that would see her influence the whole world with her writings.Her essay â€Å"Undersea†, published by Atlantic Monthly in September 1936, was the much needed and richly deserved breakthrough for her dual career. Bringing in rave reviews from scientists as well as literary circles, it lent weight to Carson’s belief that she could synchronize both her interests- of writing as well as nature- successfully. Impressed by her writing flair and lyrical style, famous author Hendrik William Van Loon (â€Å"The Story of Mankind†) persuaded his publisher to contact Rachel Carson who agreed the â€Å"Under the Sea Wind†.Presenting a naturalist’s picture of oceanic life, this book was a beautiful and sensitive description of the struggle for life of aquatic species. Her writing prowess succeeded in making an extremely engrossing reading out of scientific facts. The book was well received in both scientific and literary circuits. However it was not a commercial success as the release clashed with Pearl Harbor and consequently sales dipped.During World War II, she worked in the capacity of the Assistant to the Chief of the Office of Information in the Fish and Wildlife Service. Food was in short supply and her four pamphlets involving information on fish as food served multiple purposes of information source for print as well as radio media. Her series of twelve booklets, four of them authored by her, called â€Å"Conservation in Action† came out in the post war years.They propagated her ideal views of co- existence o f nature and humans and sought to inspire in people a respect for nature and an attitude for conservation. In 1948, she was appointed the editor- in- chief of the information Division- a noteworthy achievement in a male dominated profession. Meanwhile her research on the oceanic world continued in all the leisure time that she could afford. This research was what made the â€Å"The Sea Around Us† the bestseller that it was.â€Å"The Sea Around Us† was a bestseller beyond everyone’s imaginations. The pre- publication release of the first chapter by Yale Review was just the beginning of the fanfare. Carson won the George Washington Science Writing Award. When it was finally released by Oxford University Press in 1951, it was already a bestseller and topped charts for the following 81 weeks. In th euphoria created by â€Å"The Sea Around Us† , her publisher decided to re release â€Å"Under the Sea Wind†.This book also got the success it deserved, tho ugh a little belated. The phenomenal success of both the books helped Carson get her finances in order and she was able to quit her job at Fish and Wildlife Service to devote all her time to writing. â€Å"The Edge of the Sea† was published in 1955 and instantly became a huge success and remained so for the twenty- three weeks to come. It was a straight- from- the- heart account of the aquatic life on the sea shores.Again her writing capability and the deep seated feelings for oceanic species made it much more than a mere collection of scientific data and a dull set of guidelines. Around the same time, her article â€Å"Help your Child to Wonder† written for the women’s Home Companion, was another mover and shaker. In this article she gave directions to the parents to make their children aware of the wonders of nature and make them conscious of their natural environment.The personal touch that made the article strike a chord among the readers came from her own a ffection for her nieces and her grandnephew who she later adopted legally. An unmarried woman, with no children of her own, wrote the piece with all the nuances of a mother inspiring her children to look around with curiosity. In 1962, came the book that made the world sit up and notice. â€Å"Silent Spring† attracted many opinions; not all of them were flattering.Based on her research on the ill effects of pesticides on animal and human world, it brought a deluge of savage comments from those whose interests clashed with the ideas expressed in the book. Agricultural and trade journals, pesticide producers and owners of chemical factories- all attacked Carson and generated a lot of negative publicity. But nevertheless, â€Å"Silent Spring† appealed to the public and became a best seller. It generated a wave of environmental concerns. Even President John F.Kennedy was moved by the book and appointed a special panel to examine the various points the book raised. All the research, investigation and hard work that Carson had put in the book bore results and even the Presidential Committee confirmed Rachel’s concerns about the pesticides. The book raised genuine concerns about the concentration of DDT in the food chain and these timely concerns led to early action and averted what could have been a catastrophe after a few years.But what Carson had to suffer for making her views public was unbelievable. Her health failed her and yet she endured the barrage of ill meaning comments thrown at her after publication of â€Å"Silent Spring†. Breast cancer finally took its toll on her life and Rachel Carson died o April 14, 1964. Many laurels were bestowed on her during her lifetime and she deserved each one of them. She was presented with the Schweitzer Medal of the Animal Welfare Institute.She was also given the National Wildlife Federation’s â€Å"Conservationist of the Year†. But perhaps the greatest award was the response her readers gave her. Their admiration, adulation and their applause made her into an icon, a status she richly deserved. Her ideas of environmental concerns became really famous and common after her death. She was never against technology and development; it was only indiscriminate and reckless progress that irked her.She campaigned for controlled and calculated use of pesticides through her book â€Å"Silent Spring† Rachel Carson was responsible for environmental concern becoming the household term that it is now. Her revolutionary ideas set the trail for others to follow. Now the whole world has woken up to the harmful effects of pesticides to food chains. At that time, however she had been saddled with negative comments and personal humiliation. Her personal life was also littered with losses throughout.A spinster till death, she had to suffer a lot of speculation over her long and intimate friendship with Dorothy Freeman. A lot can be learnt from her life which was a roller coaster ride with many twists and turns. A rich and true tribute to her persona will be our waking up to the damage being done to our fragile eco- system and our efforts to rectify that. WORKS CITED â€Å"Breaking Nature’s Silence: Pennsylvania’s Rachel Carson† Lisa Budwig â€Å"Rachel Carson Dies of Cancer: ‘Silent Spring’ author was 56† Obituary, The New York Times. .

Modern fiction for children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Modern fiction for children - Essay Example The author gives the text to the publisher who, in turn, oversees its production and its shipment to the sellers. When the bookseller makes the book available to the public, this completes the life cycle or circuit since the reader can influence the author before and after the composition. This cycle, in the case of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, is complicated because before the publisher, the literary agent affects the narrative produced. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone’s two English language publishers in the UK and the US took the book’s text and made very different books, although the story remained as it was (Whited, 2009). The text’s presentation, therefore, is able to alter the public’s perception of her narrative, although this may be very subtle. This essay seeks to discuss the way in which the book’s production, enhanced its contents and led to the universal success of Harry Potter and the Philosopherâ₠¬â„¢s Stone. In the creation of all books, the beginning is the transformation of the book’s manuscript into a product that can be marketed. While J.K. Rowling claimed that the book was written for her consumption and not for children, she did eventually decide to have it published and sent her work to her agents (Whited, 2009). The agency she used was renowned for choosing writers with good commercial value, such as writers like Anna Pasternak, Alistair MacLean, and A.J. Quenelle. The agent, Christopher Little, did not normally deal with children’s books as he did not believe in their commercial value. However, his contract with J.K. Rowling is probably his most profitable and accumulated at least 15% of gross earnings for the British home market and 20% in the US, film, and translational deals (Whited, 2009). What the emphasis of Little’s agency on profitable business practice indicates is how the agent influences the manuscripts. Two of his assistants thought that the presented chapters were unusual to a sufficient degree to warrant his interest. However, they insisted that there should be two changes in enhancement of the narrative. One of them was that Neville Longbottom’s character needed extra development and that Quidditch, the wizard sport, needed to play a bigger role since it could appeal more to boys as a game with the rules included in the book (Rana, 2009). This alteration was significant as it indicates the manner in which the book’s agency saw the narrative. In the majority of novels aimed at schoolchildren, sport plays a major part, and the focus of the sport and its necessity, for detail, suggests that the agency saw the book as a sure bet for the school-story model (Rana, 2009). There were also doubts as to how popular the book would be; whether it would generate high sales. This was not because of the book’s contents, but because while girls were accustomed to reading books authored by men, boys wer e less likely to read books written by a woman (Mullen, 2010). As girls are avid readers compared to boys, there was a need to increase the popularity of the book for boys. This led to Rowling agreeing to publish Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and her other subsequent books as J.K. Rowling, rather than Joanne Rowling. These alterations show the agent’s concern for popularity among a diverse audience. This also indicates how the original text had to be altered with the aim of increasing its

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example Currently, many people are concerned with healthy living and healthy eating. Therefore, most will prefer to spend on salads than on fast foods, which are unhealthy. In addition, those who want to obtain their ideal self-image of a slim physique will also make a choice of what to purchase depending on their goals. These will prefer salads due to their nutritional value, and the fact that these are healthy to eat (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). External factors influencing sale of pre-packaged salads include family decision and influence or opinions of groups. Some families have working mothers who do not have sufficient time to spend in the kitchen preparing salads; therefore, pre-packaged salad comes in handy. In addition, most students lack time for the kitchen, so, they will prefer to buy pre-packaged salad as a timesaving strategy. The factor of buying and disposing mainly affects single consumers who cannot buy and prepare salad for a single meal, as most will be disposed, thus going to waste. Therefore, such consumers will buy the pre-packaged salad, which comes in different quantities, and which does not go bad easily when it is left over (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). It is more likely that the sale of pre-packaged salads will continue to grow in the coming years. This is because people are continuously being made aware of healthy eating for better lives. Many people are therefore, drifting from fast foods and processed foods to the more natural foods, including vegetables and fruits. In addition, research shows that most young women are getting an education, therefore, most future mothers will be working mothers, with knowledge in healthy eating, thus these are more likely to purchase pre-packaged vegetables, because of its convenience and health value. To increase the sale of pre-packaged vegetables, the concerned companies need to invest in more advertising. This is to make more consumers

Chapter 6 class activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 6 class activity - Essay Example The main stages in the stages of change model include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination. If I am in the stage of the precontemplation, more information on the risks associated with unhealthy behavior will help me move to the next stage. Additional information would open my eyes to the benefits of healthy behavior and risks of unhealthy behavior that I possess. In the contemplation stage, I would need to think deeply about the kind of a person I can become if I adopt healthy behavior. Therefore, relating with people practicing healthy behavior would help me reducing the disadvantages I associate with changing to healthy behavior. At the preparation stage, I need encouragement from trusted friends that I will succeed if I start the action stage. This will help me handle my biggest fears. In the action stage, I would need to learn how to substitute unhealthy behavior with healthy behavior. In the maintenance stage, I would need to learn how to deal with stress and avoid relapsing to unhealthy behavior (Hjemdahl, Rosengren & Steptoe

Russian aggression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Russian aggression - Essay Example In a global perspective, Ukraine is an easy target but it is exactly Ukraine that is a cornerstone which stands at the crossroads of western and eastern interests. These interests with full speed go towards the Cold War 2.0 and rebuilding of USSR. If nothing will be done in some time the Middle East will not be the only region that admires was and lives only for it. The most global, total and incredibly important conflict of recent times concentrated in the eastern Ukraine. It won’t be Yugoslavia, Iraq or Syria because it will be much worse due to the more political subjects in this highly risky game. Being the biggest European country with more than 45 million of citizens Ukraine will try to stand back but without help in some time, the Baltic States and even Scandinavian countries will feel the pressure. Annexation of Crimea shows that Russia will do anything while American and European promises and guarantees on the matter of Ukrainian independence and immunity of its borde rs from invasion don’t value much. Something must be done and done quickly. NATO started strategic and tactical of unheard scale. They are the biggest beginning from the last decade of the 20th century. Ukraine still has most of the gas transit checkpoints without which Europe will be left without gas. Ukrainian citizens won’t forget the cost with which they bought their choice of better life according to the European standards. Ukraine knows its value though its politics is still highly imperfect the key for the conflict’s probably the best solution is one united front.

ANALYSIS OF SEX OFFENDER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Research Paper

ANALYSIS OF SEX OFFENDER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - Research Paper Example ing of various legislations such as the Jacob Wetterling Act, which mandated sex offender registration, the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (AWA), which elevated failure to register as a federal crime, the Megan’s Law, the collective name of state and local legislations requiring notification of communities of convicted sex offenders residing in their area, and the Jessica Lunsford Act, which introduced tighter monitoring of sex offenders through, among others, the wearing of electronic tracking device (Harris & Lobanov-Rostovsky 2009 3; Nieto & Jung 2006 7-8; Yung 120-121). More than 100 sex laws were passed in various states all over the country to contain and deter sex offenders in 2005 alone, collectively resulting in the registration of more than half a million sex offenders, with more than 60,000 to 70,000 additional registrants, on the average, per year (Boyd 2008 220). Nevertheless, these laws and measures are not without controversy. Residency restriction laws and civil commitment of violent sexual predators currently emerged as two of the most hotly debated issues relative on anti-child sex offending measures. Residency restriction laws imposed on sex offenders are generally of two types: Child Safety Zone, and; Distance Marker. The first type prohibits sex offenders from entering a specific radius of areas where potential victims often congregate. The second type, commonly called residency restriction law, involves total proscription of sex offenders from establishing residency within a certain radius of such protected zones (Nieto & Jung 2006 15; DeLisi & Conis 2007 281). On the other hand, civil commitment refers to the legal process by which a person, alleged to be suffering from mental disorder, may be ordered confined by the state even without consent. The confinement may be in a hospital for psychiatric treatment, in a â€Å"secure treatment facility or in a locked unit of a nursing home.† Its legal underpinnings are: parens patriae,

Change Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Change Management - Coursework Example cause of the aspect that changes in necessary in business on a continuous basis in order to move in parallel with the ever changing demands of the customers, stakeholders and the overall external environment. It provides competitive advantage for business units in the marketplace allowing the business to develop itself effectively and quickly (DeBruijn, 2011). As in the provided case, it is evident that Know Inform (KI) is a particular organization that is integrally associated with change management towards proper execution of the business functioning. In order to ensure successful change management proper planning, efficient workforce, strict governance, and committed leadership is deemed to be quite crucial. Correspondingly, in this particular study, focus would be levied on understanding the concept of change management prevalent in the company presented within the case example. The essay is also intended towards discussing the characteristics of the company with regard to change situation and how their leadership skill contributed towards managing this workplace change (Creasey, 2007). In order to deal with the prevailing problems with regard to acceptance to change, the management of the business has emerged with several key measures that would be crucial to discuss. In this regard, several change management models can be taken into consideration to have a better comprehension at large. The model to be implemented within the organisation has mentioned about the strategy of changes that can be regarded as applicable by the organisation with regard to the scenario of change management. The management has been quite clear with regard to the criteria of change that has taken place in the organisation. In this regard, the Kurt Lewin Change Management model can be taken into consideration. According to the model, change in location is quite crucial in the present day business and it influences the business in any industry sector. However, there might develop

Thesis Proposal business plan for a Sneaker Store

Business plan for a Sneaker Store - Thesis Proposal Example The business would be insured through proper risk assessment. The initial cost f start-u would be met through local development agency, bank loan and personal contribution. The businesses provide goods and services that meet the demands of the customers. The current business plan for The Sneaker Store would primarily focus on the sale and marketing of Chinese shoes which have huge market demand due to their relative low cost and meeting latest trend. The sneaker store would cater to the footwear demand for men, women and children and would have rugged and casual footwear for young men and boys, trendy shoes for women and exciting collection of footwear for children and small kids. The store would have pleasant ambience where customers can comfortably try shoes. Located at a prime location in Washington district, the store’s main attraction would be its show window which would be tastefully decorated with mannequins resembling Bollywood beauties and macho men. Sjostrand and Tyrstrup (2001) assert that leadership is about managing creatively. Thus, The Sneaker Store would constantly strive to evolve innovative mechanisms of marketing footwear for different demographic segment. The vision statement, mission and value system of the business highlight the scope and the ambitious plan for its future expansion. Become the best service provider in the field of footwear and deliver services in the hi-tech ambience that is designed to relax customers and heighten his experience of buying footwear that meets their demands including cost and style. The Sneaker Store would be an equal opportunity store that would give preferences to the people with disability and employees from marginalized population. Exemplary customer services and striving to meet the demands and customer satisfaction of people cutting across race, color, culture and nationality

SILK ROAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SILK ROAD - Essay Example ccording to David Christian, the trans-ecological exchanges made possible by the Silk Road routes contributed greatly to the growth of trade within the Afro-Eurasian region, specifically, trade between the region’s agrarian communities, steppe pastoralists, and woodland foragers. The natural features of the Silk Road indicate that ecological factors have played a great role in intensifying trade along the Silk Road. For one, the Silk Roads cross the borders of desert areas or barren steppes inhabited by pastoralists. These kinds of ecological borders create the necessity for trade because the essential goods needed by the people living on very different environments are also different. In fact, given these ecological factors, it would be astonishing if trade did not flourish along the Silk Road. The products traded along the Silk Road routes prove how dynamic trade was in the Afro-Eurasian region. Many of the products traded came from the woodland or steppeland, whilst several of the products made by the agrarian communities were sold to the steppes. David Christian emphasises that the Silk Roads naturally are sea and land routes connecting east and west, particularly, connecting the agricultural communities of inner Asia and functioning as channels transporting products, ideas, religion, and even diseases. Moreover, Christian views Steppe Roads, which connect the Eurasian agricultural and grassland areas, as trade routes, stimulated by a natural commercial barter of goods from pastoral and agricultural regions. Trade products were perhaps bartered most intensely across the ecological boundary dividing agrarian and pastoral areas, although a number of products certainly crossed the steppes. The Silk Road linking China and the Middle East cultivated trade of agricultural products, specially made goods, ideas, and religious beliefs. But because of the dynamic evolution of civilisations in China, the Silk Road ceased to be merely a connecting link between

Poetry and Worldly Wealth Essay Example for Free

Poetry and Worldly Wealth Essay Andrew Lang describes the truth about money and what it meant to people in the 1800s and 1900s. He uses repetition to clearly explain his ideas. Lang believes that money could either be good or it could be evil, I guess it all depends in how you use it and appreciate it. The people in this poem are priests, soldiers, captains etc. The main idea is about how some and most people only do things for money. The â€Å"Ballad of Worldly Wealth,† is a depiction of how money can bring pride and corruption into our society. The form of this poem is a ballad. A ballads contents include 3 stanzas, at least 8 lines in each stanza, and a refrain (a repeated phrase at the end point of a poem) a refrain in example of the Ballad of Worldly Wealth is â€Å"Youth, and health, and Paradise† The author used artificial imagery to characterize money as both a staple in society, and as the icon of the worlds power and corruption. There is several rhetoric patterns found in the poem. The rhyme pattern is an End rhyme. Poems with end rhyme are those whose last word of every line ends with a word that rhymes, for example: â€Å"While the tides shall ebb and (flow); Money maketh Evil (show)† Flow and show are two separate words, however both have rhyming sounds. Also displayed is parallel construction, a sentence, idea or clause that is presented with an opposing idea. In this statement, â€Å"Money moves the merchants all, While the tides shall ebb and flow; Money maketh Evil show, Like the Good, and Truth like lies† it can be seen that the opposition is of that money is what makes the world go round. However money also creates greed, and makes the people see the money as a good thing, when really its all a lie.

Kilbrandon: Punitive approach to justice in Scotland.

Kilbrandon: Punitive approach to justice in Scotland. This essay will critically evaluate the Kilbrandon ethos and will examine the proposed integrative, welfare-orientated approach in the decision making concerning children and their welfare. It will also take into account the recent moves towards a more punitive approach and the response concerning this modification. The Kilbrandon Report was established in 1964 by Lord Kilbrandon. Kilbrandon reviewed the existing juvenile justice system and felt the need to implement a new innovative radical approach to help deal with the existing juvenile delinquency and school truanting in Scotland. By analysing the courts records of child offenders the aforementioned highlighted that the majority of those individuals came from unfortunate backgrounds and may possibly have experienced various situations within their young lives. (Lockyer, A. Stone, F.H. 1998) It is necessary to look at where the child centred approach arose from and what this meant for the criminal justice system as a whole. The 1908 Childrens Act (UK) was known as the first Childrens Charter in Scotland due to the impact it had and the concern it showed for childrens individual rights. As a result of this act the death sentence was abolished for children and imprisonment for children dealt with in a more acceptable manner. The separation of juvenile and adults courts was looked upon as the way forward by means of looking at childrens needs in a more specific manner, thus forming the basis of child protection. The idea behind child protection was to protect them from harm, neglect or cruelty however; this sometimes meant having to remove the child from the family home. Over the next few years there were various areas of progress which led to the evolvement of the Children and Young Persons (S) Act 1937. This act defined a child as being under the age of 14 and the crimina l responsibility age rose from seven years to eight years of age. The criminal age in Scotland has risen to 12 years of age 10 for the rest of the UK. A child aged between 14 and 17 was then known as a young person. The 1937 act saw the separation of children and young people and implemented different ways in dealing with various behaviours or offending. (Hothersall, S. 2005) The post war years saw a number of issues surface and prompted the government to take action in regards to their stance on dealing with the welfare of children and young people within society. In 1961 Lord Kilbrandon proposed to implement a new welfare based system which was produced in 1964 and which was included into legislation by 1968, this approach would take a holistic approach to those matters which caused the greatest concern of that of children and young people within society. The primary aim was to focus on children who were in need of help or care, persistent truants or beyond the control of their parents. His approach would examine how offending issues and how the lack of social education had played a vital role in juvenile offending and deviant behaviour. As a result of this the recommendation by the committee it was put forward which would form the basis of the Social Work Act 1968. Their main aim was to recognise and take responsibility for community welfare; in conjunction with this the childrens hearing system would take societys failures into consideration. (Action for children 2009) Kilbrandon based his approach upon needs not deeds and believed that those children who were brought before the justice system or who were in need of care warranted intervention and the prevention of criminalisation to avoid stigmatisation. His beliefs and principles were child centred and seen to be in the childs best interest. (Mcara, L. 2005) The main principle on which the ethos structure was based upon was by taking into regards any decision made in respects to the childrens welfare as it should be primarily based upon the best interests of the child and their overall needs. The system should not take into account what the child has done, past or present. The change to the system helped to define who was in need of compulsory measures of care regardless of whether they had been abused or had committed offences. (Muncie, J. Goldson, B. 2006) The welfare approach has the option to modify the approach in cases of serious offences. Each remedy is not always going to be the same as it is not possible due to the similar influences and demises in a childs life. The Kilbrandon philosophy unfortunately attracts high expectations and sometimes these expectations can be thwarted. Kilbrandons ethos is based on taking the childs needs into consideration and trying to work with families and agencies to give the child the care and support they need and to try and keep families together as much as possible, sometimes this option is not possible. By using the forward thinking approach in regards to preventative measures it allows the childs needs to be examined. So would introducing a more punitive system be the answer? Do children have to separate from their families to be rehabilitated and cared for? Helping with educational and behavioural problems would certainly be a challenge but would definitely help to build confidences and aid the principle of rehabilitation. Early intervention strategies could certainly prove useful in the prevention of further offending. (As cited in Croall, H. et al 2010) By introducing the new innovative system Scotland was fast becoming a country with a unique childrens hearing system in place. The childrens hearing system was put together from three carefully selected volunteer lay members and trained volunteers from all walks of life and with varying life experiences from the local community. (SCRA) The system furthermore involved the guidance of a trained individual, the Reporter who was required to give advice on procedures and legal issues concerning the hearing and oversee the overall hearing process. An important aspect when considering what decision has to be made comes from the understanding and the investigation of contributing factors leading to the childs or families problems. The panel has to consider each aspect just as important as the next and by listening to the viewpoints of others involved can help make the decision process marginally easier. As the members of the lay party are from the local community it allows their input on the decision to be taken into consideration in conjunction with the involvement of detached professionals, the childs family and the childs own rights. (SCRA) Although, Scotland has long been admired for its approach towards youth offending by working in conjunction with multi-agencies on a child centred approach its unique child welfare approach has at no time had its system reviewed. (Action for children, 2004). Times have changed and so has the challenges that children and young people face within society. Society has also seen a change in family circumstances which include divorce, single parent families, and alcohol and drug abuse problems. There are also the underlying factors to consider which may include child abuse, neglect, delinquency, truancy and poverty. As a consequence of this questions are arising as to whether the system Scotland has in place to deal with young offenders is still viable. In 2002 NCH Scotland carried out its own inquiry into Scotlands hearing system and the results were made available in 2004 for evaluation. The inquiry did however highlight the fact that the system itself was solid nevertheless; there were a number of recommendations put forward to help with certain weaknesses within the system. (Action for children, 2004). According to SACRO the childrens hearing system is not failing but they suggest however, due to the lack of resources available this is having an adverse effect on the effectiveness of the overall system. SACRO also believe that there should be a single system in place to take on a holistic overview of the issues involved instead on focusing primarily on a welfarist approach. By introducing a more effective element of restorative justice this may well assist in allowing the youth justice system to achieve this aspect of concern. (SACRO ) The perceived strengths of the Kilbrandon report includes various aspects which most individuals today would consider as expected however, there are those who may feel that the system is too soft and could be more punitive. The strengths of the report include: needs and deeds, a holistic approach, child centred and welfare focused, an informal hearing system, protection of children and young people, multi-agency working including the family where possible and dealing with care and protection issues of the children and young people. (Phillips, S. 2008) However, the report does highlight various weaknesses which include: the lack of resources available, the families lack of knowledge in relation to the system and the lack of the panels understanding of the families. Poorly trained panel members, some families not being included in the decision making, lack of social workers and also the formality of the system can be intimidating for the children and young people involved. One major concern is the fact that the system does not work successfully when it is dealing with school related issues including truanting and school refusal. An important issue that has an impact on the justice system is the financial backing as this has been said to have an adverse effect on the youth justice system. (Muncie, J. 2004) So what exactly is Justice? Justice is regarded as what has the best consequences. Created by the public and authorities it is enforceable rules and legislations, it is there to protect society by showing what is fair and what is wrong and the latter resulting in punishment. Justice itself is there to be enforced upon when groups or individuals need it to be. However, Justice for children can be looked upon as providing the opportunity of equality to help the child or young person improve their prospects in prospective safe and caring surroundings. (Goldson, B. 2008) An important issue that has become apparent over the years is the large increase of referrals in relation to care and protection cases compared to that of offending within the childrens hearing system. The NCH enquiry 2002 highlighted the need for the mainstream and preventative services to improve efficiencies and address the number of cases being sent to the childrens hearing system. (Action for children, 2004) When examining the alternative systems of dealing with young offenders in Scotland the NCH 2002 enquiry compared Scotlands system to that of England and Wales. Both of these countries are seen to have a more punitive approach when dealing with youth justice. The results indicated a higher number of young offenders detained within prison establishments, and a higher number of deterrents and confinement orders in place in relation to working towards rehabilitation in comparison with Scotland. The figures gathered indicated an overall increase of 800% of twelve to fourteen years over a ten year period due to the increase of sentences and imposition prison placed on these young people in England and Wales. However, the adverse effect of these figures is the fact that many of these young people may find themselves segregated from others, bullied or may be more likely to self-harm. The NCH looked at these figures not as a success towards offending behaviour as the recidivism rate in England and Wales was between 72/90%, but alternatively as unsuitable and an ineffective form of punitive punishment for children and young people. They believe that the more a child is punished by the justice system the more likely the chance of the child becoming further involved within the justice system itself and only adding to the likely hood of reoffending in the future. (Action for children, 2004) Implementing a more punitive approach within Scotlands youth justice system would also prove to be costly as the figures indicated that in 2002 England and Wales spent in the region of  £207 million on custodial sentences compared to that of their community based community rehabilitation programmes which cost  £76 million. The cost itself made the copying of their punitive approach an undesirable option for Scotland. (Action for children, 2004) The NCHs report in 2002 recommended that the Childrens hearing system continue to reach its full potential and by continuing to use its holistic and understanding approach when dealing with children and young people it would no doubt be more effective than introducing a more punitive approach. (Action for children, 2004) What has become clearer over the years is the matter of dealing with young people aged between 16 and 17 years of age. In 2004 Scotland introduced two pilot youth courts one in Hamilton and one in Airdrie. Their main aim was to tackle youth crime in a more effective and severe manner. The objectives included social inclusion, reduction of the offending frequency of 16 and 17 year olds and the seriousness of their crimes. A fast track procedure was put in place for those individuals appearing before the youth court. By testing the existing legislation the courts would be able to demonstrate their effectiveness and whether deemed appropriate when dealing with young offenders. Overall the prospect of youth courts looked at enhancing safety within the community and dealing with those involved in persistent offending within high crime areas. (The Scottish Government, 2006) An evaluation between June 2003 and December 2004 of Hamilton youth court recorded a total of 611 cases 402 of those cases involved young people. Airdrie youth court was evaluated between June 2004 and December 2005 and a total of 543 cases were recorded of which 341 involved young people. Those involved were aged between 16 and 17 years of age and were primarily male who were prosecuted on single occasions. (The Scottish Government, 2006) Most of those who appeared before the youth courts had low attainment levels and many admitted to drink or drug misuse. Cases brought before the youth courts included assault, possession of drugs, carrying of offensive weapons or most commonly breach of the peace. Most of the young people who appeared before the youth court were granted bail or ordained to appear before the court. Sentencing of young people included the use of electronic monitoring (tagging) as a condition of their bail release or they may have incurred a police monitored curfew. (The Scottish Government, 2006) The overall analysis of the youth court pilot scheme in Airdrie indicated that the use of community based social work disposals dropped and the execution of prison sentences rose. However, in Hamilton there was not a noticeable difference in the use of disposals highlighting the fact that community service and detention issues were better served within the youth court rather than the Sherriff court. Through the introduction of these youth courts they have proved a success when dealing with young people and they are receiving a wider range of resources and services. Nevertheless, the report has suggested that there is a need for further clarity to determine who exactly the youth courts are for. (The Scottish Government, 2006) According to Barnett 1977 the main objective in dealing with offenders should not be to punish, not even to re-educate but to repair or to compensate for the harm caused by the offence (as cited in Lockyer, A Stone, F.H 1998, p248) Believers in restorative justice consider this type of scheme useful when dealing with young offenders. By focusing on the damage the crime has caused an individual or a community it could work towards resolving and restoring the damage caused. The main aim of restorative justice is to primarily concentrate on the victim and not the offender although measures will be incorporated to aid the integration the offender back into the community. However, merging the Kilbrandon philosophy and restorative justice measures for some may raise concerns. (Lockyer, A Stone, F.H 1998) The Kilbrandon Ethos is humane and provides a caring and understanding system for those children and young people involved in it. The fact that the system helps to support the child and rehabilitate when necessary enforces the child centred approach and by comparing the system to that of the one in England and Wales can only highlight the differences in relation to recidivism. The system needs to have the funding in place to help improve the service it offers at present. By providing the family with a proper understanding of the hearing system would allow the involvement with decision making. Overall the Kilbrandon approach deems to be more effective than imposing punitive measures. By further educating and improving communication within the various agencies would help improve the decisions made and the number of cases put before the system. What also has to be addressed is the vulnerable age group of those aged 16 and 17 years. They are not seen as children or adults and so the syst em needs to take into consideration the needs of this age group and deal with the young people in an effective and efficient manner.

Personal Reflection: Experience that Changed Responsibility

Personal Reflection: Experience that Changed Responsibility Personal experience that impacted a change in my personal responsibility Growing up, I have found my adolescent age very interesting and easy all the while. This is because of the care and love I received from my parents. The story changed when I was 12, I was enrolled into a boarding school where I was a bit separated from my parents and siblings. Even though that was painful, but it was a necessary separation that launched me to the life of independence and self-sustainability as I grew up. It was rather challenging because all of what it came with was entirely new to me for me to come to cope with. On September 2000, when I was introduced to the system, on resumption day I felt the world has just ended for me. I was assigned a space in the hostel where I am expected to Keep and care for my things amidst strangers who later became my friends. I never knew how to put my things in shape, I never knew how to care for my laundries, how to wake up early and follow stipulated programs, it was all terrific for me under the promptings of the house master who never stopped till we get it the way they desired. All the memories of freedom I enjoyed at home kept on reverberating and leading me to deep nostalgia. But gradually, I started picking up one by one, step by step. I learnt a number of new things at space of time which my mates on regular non-broaden school could not learn. First of all, the sense of personal hygiene and cleanliness made a lasting impression on me because of our house masters who are meant to teach by doing it themselves as we observe. They dress on white on daily basis as we equally do. The use of white fabrics is very difficult to maintain but on daily bases we put on day dresses. A white shirt, upon a white singlet with white underwear and trousers. We were meant to have three pairs and wash them whenever they get stained they were daily dressing code, we were meant to take care of them properly, else we attract punishments. It was so difficult going through it in my adolescent. I found it painful then but looking back on how it has helped me, I remained grateful of the training. The hardest part of the training for me was waking up as early as 5 a.m and going to bed buy 20:30 p.m. it was the daily   regulation, it was hard to comprehend but looking at how the older students have gotten to coped with it made it easier for us to queue in. we had fixed times for studiers and no one was exempted apart from grave circumstances like health issues. The regulations were followed strictly but it gave me a platform for being punctual, committed to my duties and faithful to appointments, it also made me to learn how to be faithful; to meal regulations of 7,1,7.   We go for preps twice daily on weekdays and once over the weekend. One of the difficulties was being disposed to study when it is the time according to the regulation. It made no sense to me then. Gradually I learnt how to be disposed and take real control of my disposition. We take our meals of fixed times; breakfast at 7a.m, lunch at 1p.m and super at 7p.m. The eating habit I maintain today was from the training I gained from my school. Base on feeding, we were prohibited from eating in-between meals especially at night. During the day we do take snacks during recreation times. I got my table manners from the school. I never knew much about it prior to the training. Average Nigerian families do not eat together in dining rooms but separately. I learnt how to combine the fork and knife in eating at table, and all of those things made no meaning to me initially until I have the opportunity to mingle with people with high reputation. One other thing I will ever be thankful about is the painful training I got was on how to handle pocket money. Every individual was not expected to keep more than N,5000,   yet we mere expected not to borrow, or call for financial assistance due to lack apart from extreme cases of incurred health bills. It was really difficult for some who have been exposed to wild spending manner and it curtailed living above ones means. I appreciate the training, although it was painful, discipline in no measure is not, but it shapes my ability to fit in and compete favorably with others. These are the experiences that shaped me and got me prepared by launching me into adulthood with a sense of independence and self-sustainability.

Family Therapy Involving an Alcoholic Parent Essay -- Counseling/Thera

One in five adults can identify with growing up with an alcoholic relative and Twenty-eight million Americans have one parent abusing or dependent on alcoholic (Walker, & Lee, 1998). There are devastating and ubiquitous effects of alcoholism, which vary from psychological, social, or biological problems for families. Counselor’s treating this problem all agree that the relationships within a family, especially between a parent and a child is one of the most influential within a system, but what are the effects on the family when a parent is an alcoholic? Contemporary research has found there is a higher prevalence of problems in the family when alcohol is the organizing principle. In addition, there is copious research on the roles of individuals within the family becoming defined into specific categories, and evidently, the roles may become reversed between the parent and the child. This topic of functional roles in alcoholic families will be analyzed and investigated further. Family therapy has had substantial results in the treatment of an alcoholic parent. These results will be discussed more along, with the literature examining the existing research related, to specific interventions and treatments in family therapy with an alcoholic parent. Before research on the treatment is illuminated on distinctive therapies, it is crucial for counselors facilitating family therapy to comprehend the literature on the presenting problems commonly, associated with alcoholic parents and the effects this population has on their families. Furthermore, the adverse outcomes an alcoholic parent has on their children and spouses has been researched and reviewed. Children of Alcoholics (COAs) Negative Outcomes Parental alcoholism has ... ...temporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 24(2), 371. Copello, A., Velleman, R., & Templeton, L. (2005). Family interventions in the treatment of alcohol and drug problems. Drug & Alcohol Review, 24(4), 369-385. doi:10.1080/09595230500302356 Steinglass, P. (2008). Family Systems and Motivational Interviewing: A Systemic-Motivational Model for Treatment of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 26(1/2), 9-29. doi:10.1300/J020v26n01_02 Liepman, M. R., Flachier, R., & Tareen, R. (2008). Family Behavior Loop Mapping: A Technique to Analyze the Grip Addictive Disorders Have on Families and to Help Them Recover. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 26(1/2), 59-80. doi:10.1300/J020v26n01_04 Chan, J. G. (2003). An Examination of Family-Involved Approaches to Alcoholism Treatment. Family Journal, 11(2), 129-138. doi:10.1177/1066480702250149 Family Therapy Involving an Alcoholic Parent Essay -- Counseling/Thera One in five adults can identify with growing up with an alcoholic relative and Twenty-eight million Americans have one parent abusing or dependent on alcoholic (Walker, & Lee, 1998). There are devastating and ubiquitous effects of alcoholism, which vary from psychological, social, or biological problems for families. Counselor’s treating this problem all agree that the relationships within a family, especially between a parent and a child is one of the most influential within a system, but what are the effects on the family when a parent is an alcoholic? Contemporary research has found there is a higher prevalence of problems in the family when alcohol is the organizing principle. In addition, there is copious research on the roles of individuals within the family becoming defined into specific categories, and evidently, the roles may become reversed between the parent and the child. This topic of functional roles in alcoholic families will be analyzed and investigated further. Family therapy has had substantial results in the treatment of an alcoholic parent. These results will be discussed more along, with the literature examining the existing research related, to specific interventions and treatments in family therapy with an alcoholic parent. Before research on the treatment is illuminated on distinctive therapies, it is crucial for counselors facilitating family therapy to comprehend the literature on the presenting problems commonly, associated with alcoholic parents and the effects this population has on their families. Furthermore, the adverse outcomes an alcoholic parent has on their children and spouses has been researched and reviewed. Children of Alcoholics (COAs) Negative Outcomes Parental alcoholism has ... ...temporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 24(2), 371. Copello, A., Velleman, R., & Templeton, L. (2005). Family interventions in the treatment of alcohol and drug problems. Drug & Alcohol Review, 24(4), 369-385. doi:10.1080/09595230500302356 Steinglass, P. (2008). Family Systems and Motivational Interviewing: A Systemic-Motivational Model for Treatment of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 26(1/2), 9-29. doi:10.1300/J020v26n01_02 Liepman, M. R., Flachier, R., & Tareen, R. (2008). Family Behavior Loop Mapping: A Technique to Analyze the Grip Addictive Disorders Have on Families and to Help Them Recover. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 26(1/2), 59-80. doi:10.1300/J020v26n01_04 Chan, J. G. (2003). An Examination of Family-Involved Approaches to Alcoholism Treatment. Family Journal, 11(2), 129-138. doi:10.1177/1066480702250149

The Korean War: A Battle For Global Power Essay -- Korea Communism

The Korean War can be thought of as the last major conflict of the 20th century with unified, international fronts. The Communist forces of Russia, China and North Korea were poised to fight the South Korean’s and their American-led allies in the United Nations. On the surface, each side’s reason for their position within the conflict seemed clear. The North Korean forces were poised to spread the word of Communism to the masses, while the South Korean forces were attempting to prevent international instability by defeating them. Yet, were these motivations really so simple? Or were there layers within the conflict that we need to properly examine to fully understand both the causes and intensity of this war? This report presents an analysis of the major motivations of the powers involved within the Korean War, and each power’s agenda. Wars, by their very nature, can be difficult to grasp, and must be carefully studied for their full dimensions to be taken in. It is easy to get bogged down in analysis of the events within the war, and lose sight of the bigger picture. In the case of the Korean War, the various powers involved, despite their seemingly united ideological fronts, were motivated by broad complex ideas. Or, as Mr. Durdin of the New York Times said on July 8, 1951, â€Å"Mr. Mao and Premier Stalin can hope for a number of things from a peace offensive policy. They can hope to divide the Allied front, weaken the Allied resolve and perhaps slow down the Allied military build-up† (109). In addition, each power had a number of internal motivations, ranging from testing out new field tactics to developing their own social stability. The first thing that we must keep in mind in talking about the Korean War is ... ... The Public Opinion Quarterly 17.2 (1953): 171-184. Stone, I.F. The Hidden History of the Korean War. New York: Little, Brown & Co., 1952. "Warning to the West:' New York Times Jun 26, 1950. Voices from the Korean War. Richard Peters and Xiaobing Li, eds. University Press of Kentucky: Kentucky, 2004. Internet Sources Consulted "52e. The Korean War." The Korean War [ushistory.org]. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 May 2015. Park, Madison. "Why the Korean War Still Matters." CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. Web. 20 May 2015. PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. Web. 20 May 2015. Pierpaoli, Paul, Jr. "Korean War." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 20 May 2015.

Essay --

As early as 2010, 35.7% of adult Americans are obese, which is the highest level of obesity in the history of the United States. There are a number of environmental factors that contribute to obesity, the majority being the number of fast food restaurants and the recent outbreak of binge eating. Evidence shows that bingeing on sugary, tasty foods increases dopamine in the brain and in doing so possesses addictive habits. Apparently there have been several psychological and biological similarities between food addiction and drug dependence including loss of control and craving. One of the articles will look at environmental factors that might contribute to the obesity epidemic, and it will also compare the medical similarities and differences of drug dependence and food addiction. Growing rates of overweight adults and obesity have prompted the comparison between the uncontrolled intake of food and drugs. It has been smart to follow biological concepts from addiction to explore obsessive food seeking; a model is needed to understand how food and drugs differ in their ability to control behavior. Another article will look at the difference and commonalities in the behavioral responses to food and to drugs of abuse, with the goal to identify and new treatments for drug addiction or obesity. One of the articles also focuses on eating disorder behaviors and posttraumatic stress. It states that this article was the first to reveal the relationship between PTSD and the occurrence of eating types of food such as sugar sodas and fast food. It mentions that the study had articulated mechanisms and behavioral pathways of how trauma and post traumatic stress can cause an increase in the causes of death in the United Sta... ...ect the impact of food addiction understandings on obesity and obese peoples. Studies found that seemingly strong public acceptance of neurobiological clarifications of obesity and overeating can co-exist with the view that individual choice is the major cause of obesity. Obese people were more likely to support the opinion that obesity characterizes an addiction to certain foods. The apparent disappointment of neurobiological explanations of overeating and obesity to change public views toward obese people and the treatment of obesity advises that these descriptions have not yet had the beneficial influences assumed by their supporters. As the idea of food addiction is established, its supporters need to pay greater attention to its effects on shame, treatment and policy and to assessing whether its net influence on public health is likely to be harmful or helpful.

Succubus on Top CHAPTER 1

Demons are scary. No matter what religion or walk of life you come from, this remains pretty constant. Oh sure, they have their absurd moments – especially in the circles I run with – but all in all, people have good reason to fear and avoid hell's diabolical servants. They're cruel and merciless, delight in pain and suffering, and torture souls in their free time. They lie. They steal. They cheat on their taxes. Yet, in spite of all that, I couldn't help but think I was about to witness the most terrifying demonic act yet. An awards ceremony. For me. Horatio, vice demon of such-and-such division of Infernal Affairs, stood before me, trying to impart an air of solemnity to the moment and failing miserably. I suspected his sky blue polyester suit and matching paisley bow tie were largely to blame. The sideburns didn't help either. He probably hadn't left the inner circles of hell in about six centuries, back around the last time sky blue polyester was in style. With a too-long clearing of his throat, he glanced back and forth between those gathered, verifying we were all paying attention. My supervisor Jerome stood nearby, looking utterly bored, occasionally glancing at his watch. Beside him, Horatio's impish assistant Kasper grinned from ear to ear. A briefcase sat on the floor near him, and he clutched an assortment of papers. The eager, suck-up, lapdog look on his face indicated a burning desire for promotion. As for me†¦well, I was fighting a hard battle to look excited too – and failing. Which was unacceptable, of course. I'm a succubus. My entire existence relies on making people – men in particular – believe and see what they want to in me. I can switch from simpering virgin to sultry dominatrix in a heartbeat. All it takes is a bit of shape-shifting and a dash of playacting. I'd picked up the former ability when I traded away my human soul; I'd acquired the latter over time. After all, you can't spend centuries telling every guy, â€Å"Yeah baby, you were the best I've ever had† and not learn a little something about schmoozing. Myths may paint us as ethereal, demonic creatures of pleasure, but honestly, being a succubus just comes down to a convincing poker face and a good sales pitch. So, really, this awards thing shouldn't have been a problem for me. But Horatio wasn't making it easy to keep a straight face. â€Å"Verily, it gives me great honor to be here today,† he intoned in a nasal, baritone voice. Verily? â€Å"Hard work is what makes us great, and we gather here now to recognize one who has. shown dedication and given her all to the Greater Evil. Such individuals are what make us strong, what will allow us to win in this immense battle when all tallies are counted at the end of time. Such individuals are worthy of our esteem, and we strive to reward their commitment, letting all know just how important it is to push hard against the odds and fight for our objectives in these difficult times. â€Å" He then added: â€Å"Whereas those who do not work hard are cast into the fiery pits of despair, to burn for all eternity and be ripped asunder by the hounds of hell.† I opened my mouth, on the verge of noting how that would be more cost effective than severance pay, but Jerome caught my eye and shook his head. Meanwhile, Horatio had nudged Kasper, and the imp hastily handed over a gold embossed certificate. â€Å"It is therefore with great pleasure that I present unto you this Award of Achievement for Excellently Exceeding and Surpassing Requisite Succubus Quotas in this Most Recent Quarter. Congratulations.† Horatio shook my hand and handed me the certificate, which had been signed by about fifty different people. This Certifies that: LETHA (alias Georgina Kincaid), Succubus in the Archdiocese of Seattle, Washington, United States of America, North America, Earth, has hereby Excellently Exceeded and Surpassed Requisite Succubus Quotas in this Most Recent Quarter, demonstrating outstanding performance in seduction, damnation, and corruption of human souls. Everyone looked at me when I finished reading, so I supposed they expected some kind of speech or something. Mostly I was wondering if I'd get in trouble for trimming this down to fit an eight-by-ten frame. â€Å"Urn, thanks. This is†¦cool.† That seemed to satisfy Horatio. He nodded smartly, then shot a glance to Jerome. â€Å"You must be so proud.† â€Å"Exceptionally,† murmured the archdemon, stifling a yawn. Horatio turned back to me. â€Å"Keep up the good work. You might find yourself in line for promotion to the corporate level.† As if giving my soul away wasn't already bad enough. I forced a smile. â€Å"Well. There's still so much to do here.† â€Å"Excellent attitude. Most excellent. You've done well with her.† He gave Jerome a chummy pat on the back, something my boss did not look happy about at all. He didn't really like friendly pats. Or being touched, period. â€Å"Well, if there's nothing more, I should probably – oh, I nearly forgot.† Horatio turned to Kasper. The imp handed over something else to his master. â€Å"These are for you. As a token of our appreciation.† He gave me a gift card for Applebee's, as well as some Blockbuster free-rental coupons. Jerome and I both stared for a moment, dumbstruck. â€Å"Wow,† I finally said. The runner-up for this award probably got a gift card for Sizzler. Never doubt that second place really is the first loser. Horatio and Kasper vanished. Jerome and I stood in silence for a few moments. â€Å"You like riblets, Jerome?† â€Å"Droll, very droll,Georgie.† He strolled around my living room, pretending to study my books and artwork. â€Å"Nice job with the quota thing. Of course, it's easy to excel when you're starting at zero, huh?† I shrugged and tossed the certificate on my kitchen counter. â€Å"Does it really matter? Still gets you the laurels. I figured you'd like that.† â€Å"Of course I do. In fact, I've been rather pleasantly surprised at just how well you've kept your promise.† â€Å"I always keep my promises.† â€Å"Not all of your promises.† My silence made him smile. â€Å"So what now? Going out to celebrate?† â€Å"You know where I'm going. I'm going to Peter's. Aren't you?† He avoided the question; demons excelled at that. â€Å"I thought perhaps other plans had arisen. Plans with a certain mortal. You do seem to be doing that an awful lot lately. â€Å" â€Å"It's none of your business what I do.† â€Å"All of your business is my business.† Again, I didn't answer. The demon stepped closer, dark eyes boring into me. For inexplicable reasons, he chose to look like John Cusack while walking the human world. That might seem like it would reduce his power to intimidate, but I swear, it only made things worse. â€Å"How long are you going to keep up this farce, Georgie?† His words were a challenge, trying to draw me out. â€Å"You can't honestly think you have a future with him. Or that you two can stay chaste forever. For Christ's sake, even if you can keep your hands off him, no human male's going to stay celibate for long. Especially one with a large fan base.† â€Å"Did you miss the part where I said it's my business?† Heat rose to my cheeks. Despite knowing better, I'd recently gotten myself involved with a human. I wasn't even entirely sure how it had happened since I've always gone out of my way to avoid that kind of thing. I guess you could say he sort of snuck up on me. One moment he was simply a warm and comforting presence at my side; the next I realized how intensely he loved me. That love had blindsided me. I hadn't been able to resist it and had decided to see where it might take me. As a result, Jerome never failed to remind me of the potential disaster I courted daily in this romance. His opinion wasn't entirely unfounded. A small part of this was because I didn't have a good track record with serious relationships. The larger part was that doing much more than hand-holding with a human would inevitably lead to me sucking away some of his life. But hey, all couples have their stumbling blocks, right? The demon smoothed down the jacket of his perfectly tailored black suit. â€Å"Just friendly advice. It makes no difference. I don't mind if you keep playing house with him – denying him a future, a family, a healthy sex life. Whatever. So long as you keep up the good work, it's all the same to me.† â€Å"Are you done with the pep talk? I'm late.† â€Å"One more thing. I thought you might like to know I just made some arrangements for a pleasant surprise. One you'll like.† â€Å"What kind of surprise?† Jerome didn't really do surprises. Not good ones, at least. â€Å"Wouldn't be a surprise if I told you, now would it?† Typical. I scoffed and turned away. â€Å"I don't have time for your games. Either tell me what's going on or leave.† â€Å"I think I'll leave. But, before I do, just remember something. † He put his hand on my shoulder and turned me around to face him again. I flinched at his touch and his proximity. The demon and I were not as buddy-buddy as we had once been. â€Å"You only have one man who's a constant in your life, only one man you will always answer to. A hundred years from now, he will be dust in the earth, and I will be the one you keep coming back to.† It sounded romantic or sexual, but it wasn't. Not in the least. My tie to Jerome ran deeper than that. A binding and loyalty that literally went straight to my soul. A connection I was bound to for all eternity, at least until the powers of hell decided to assign me to a different archdemon. â€Å"Your pimp routine is getting old.† He stepped back, undisturbed by my rancor. His eyes danced. â€Å"If I'm a pimp, Georgina, what's that make you?† There was an ostentatious poof of smoke, and Jerome disappeared before I could reply. Fucking demons. I stood alone in my apartment, turning over his words in my mind. Finally, remembering the time, I headed for the bedroom to change clothes. As I did, I passed Horatio's certificate. Its gold seal winked up at me. I flipped it over, face down, suddenly feeling queasy. I might be good at what I did, but that didn't mean I was proud of it. I ended up only being about fifteen minutes late for my friend Peter's shindig. He answered his door before I could even knock. Taking in his billowing white hat and KISS THE COOK apron, I said, â€Å"I'm sorry. No one told me Iron Chef was being filmed here tonight.† â€Å"You're late,† he chided, waving a wooden spoon in the air. â€Å"So what, you win an award and think you can forget all about propriety now?† I ignored his disapproval and swept inside. It was the only thing you could do with an obsessive-compulsive vampire. In the living room, I found our other friends Cody and Hugh sorting large piles of cash. â€Å"Did you guys rob a bank?† â€Å"Nope,† said Hugh. â€Å"Since Peter's trying to provide us with a civilized meal tonight, we decided a civilized pastime was required.† â€Å"Money laundering?† â€Å"Poker.† From the kitchen, I could hear Peter muttering to himself about a souffle. It sort of diminished my image of a bunch of shady characters huddled around a backroom card table. â€Å"I think bridge would be more appropriate.† Hugh looked doubtful. â€Å"That's an old-person's game, sweetie.† I had to smile at that. â€Å"Old† was kind of a relative term when most of us could boast centuries. I had long suspected that among my circle of lesser immortals – those who were not true angels or demons – I had more years than any of them, never mind the optimistic claim of being twenty-eight on my driver's license. â€Å"Since when do we even play games?† I wondered aloud. Our last attempt had involved a game of Monopoly with Jerome. Competing with a demon in a struggle for property and ultimate control is kind of futile. â€Å"Since when don't we play games? Games of life, games of death. Games of love, of hope, of chance, of despair, and of all the myriad wonders in between.† I rolled my eyes at the newcomer. â€Å"Hello, Carter.† I'd known the angel was lurking in the kitchen, just as Peter had felt me coming down the hall. â€Å"Where's your better half tonight? I just saw him. I thought he was coming too.† Carter strolled in and gave me one of his mocking smiles, gray eyes alight with secrets and mirth. He wore his usual transient ware, ripped jeans and a faded T-shirt. When it came to age, the rest of us couldn't even compare to him. We had all once been mortal; we measured our lives in centuries or millennia. Angels and demons†¦well, they measured their lives in eternity. â€Å"‘Am I my brother's keeper?'† Classic Carter answer. I looked to Hugh, who was, in a manner of speaking, our boss's keeper. Or at least a sort of administrative assistant. â€Å"He had to take off for a meeting,† said the imp, stacking twenties. â€Å"Some kind of team-building thing in L.A.† I tried to imagine Jerome participating in a ropes course. â€Å"What kind of team building do demons do exactly?† No one had an answer for that. Which was probably just as well. While the money sorting continued, Peter made me a vodka gimlet. I eyed the bottle of Absolut on his counter. â€Å"What the hell is that?† â€Å"I ran out of Grey Goose. They're practically the same anyway.† â€Å"I swear, if you weren't already an abomination before the Lord, I'd accuse you of heresy. â€Å" When all the money was sorted, including my contribution, we sat around the vampires' kitchen table. Like everyone else in the known world right now, we started playing Texas Hold,em. I could play okay but fared far better with mortals than immortals. My charisma and glamour had less effect on this group, which meant I had to think harder about odds and strategy. Peter scurried around during the game, attempting to play and watch his meal at the same time. It wasn't easy, since he insisted on wearing sunglasses while playing, which then had to be removed while he checked the food. When I commented on how this would be my second fancy dinner in two nights, he nearly had a fit. â€Å"Whatever. Nothing you had last night will even compare to this duck I've made. Nothing.† â€Å"I don't know about that. I went to the Metropolitan Grill.† Hugh whistled. â€Å"Whoa. I wondered where you got the glow from. When a guy takes you to the Met, you can't really help but put out, huh?† â€Å"The glow's from a different guy,† I said uncomfortably, not really wanting to be reminded of a tryst I'd had this morning, even if it had been pretty hot. â€Å"I went to the Met with Seth.† The memory of last night's dinner brought a smile to my face, and I suddenly found myself rambling. â€Å"You should have seen him. He actually didn't wear a T-shirt for once, though I'm not sure it made a difference. The shirt he did have on was all wrinkled, and he couldn't really tie the tie. Plus, when I first got there, he had his laptop out on the table. He'd shoved everything else aside – napkins, wineglasses. It was a mess. The waiters were horrified.† Four sets of eyes stared at me. â€Å"What?† I demanded. â€Å"What's wrong?† â€Å"You are,† said Hugh. â€Å"You're a glutton for punishment.† Cody smiled. â€Å"Not to mention totally love struck. Listen to yourself.† â€Å"She's not in love with him,† said Peter. â€Å"She's in love with his books.† â€Å"No I'm – † The words died on my lips, mainly because I wasn't sure what I wanted to argue. I didn't want them to think I only loved the books, but I wasn't entirely sure I loved Seth yet either. Our relationship had blossomed with remarkable speed, but sometimes, I worried what I actually loved was the idea of him loving me. â€Å"I can't believe you guys are still doing the sexless-dating thing,† continued Hugh. My temper flared. I'd already taken this from Jerome; I didn't need to hear it here too. â€Å"Look, I don't want to talk about this if you guys are just going to nag me, okay? I'm tired of everyone telling me how crazy it is.† Peter shrugged. â€Å"I don't know. It's not that crazy. You always hear about these married couples who never have sex anymore. They survive. This would be almost the same thing.† â€Å"Not with our girl.† Hugh shook his head. â€Å"Look at her. Who wouldn't want to have sex with her?† They all looked again, making me squirm. â€Å"Hey,† I protested, feeling the need to clear up a point. â€Å"That's not the problem. He wants to, okay? He's just not going to. There's a difference.† â€Å"Sorry,† said Hugh. â€Å"I'm just not buying it. He can't be with you in the clothes you wear and not crack. Even if he could, no guy could handle his woman seeing as much action as you do.† It was a well-worn point in my mind, the same Jerome had made, the one that worried me more than our ability to keep our hands off each other. One of my greatest nightmares involved having a conversation akin to: Sorry, Seth. I can't go out tonight. I have to go work this married guy I met, so I can get him to sleep with me, thus leading him further and further down the road to damnation while I suck away part of his life. Maybe when I'm done, you and I can catch a late movie. â€Å"I don't want to talk about this,† I repeated. â€Å"We're doing just fine. End of story.† Silence fell, save for the sound of cards and money hitting the table. Glancing around, I saw Carter watching me levelly. Only he had stayed out of the Seth bashing. This didn't surprise me. The angel usually just listened until he could interject some sarcastic or esoteric quip. This used to infuriate me, but recent events had changed my attitude toward him. I still didn't fully understand him or know if I could trust him, but I had come to respect him. Troubled by the scrutiny, I glanced back down and discovered I finally had a respectable hand after several rounds of shit. Three of a kind. Not the greatest but passable. I raised high, wanting to get the others out before more cards came into play and made my hand less passable. My strategy worked on the vampires. The next card fell. Seven of spades. Hugh scowled and folded when I raised again. I waited for Carter to drop out as well, but instead, he reraised further. I hesitated only a moment before calling. As the last card was about to play, I puzzled over what the angel might have and whether I could beat it. A pair? Two pair? Ah. The last card came out. Another spade. There was now a strong possibility he had a flush. That would beat me. Still hoping I could bluff him out, I raised even more. He reraised me again, more than doubling my initial bet. That was a lot of money to add, especially considering what I'd already put in. Centuries of investments kept me pretty comfortable, but that didn't mean I had to be stupid. What did he have? It had to be the flush. Balking, I folded. With a pleased grin, he swept in the massive pot. When he tossed his hand over to the discard pile, the cards' edges caught, making them flip over. Two of diamonds. Eight of clubs. â€Å"You†¦you bluffed!† I cried. â€Å"You had nothing!† Carter wordlessly lit a cigarette. I looked to the others for confirmation. â€Å"He can't do that.† â€Å"Hell, I've been doing it for half this game,† said Hugh, borrowing Carter's lighter. â€Å"Not that it's done me any good.† â€Å"Yeah†¦but†¦he's, you know. An angel. They can't lie.† â€Å"He didn't lie. He bluffed.† Cody considered, twisting a piece of his blond hair around one finger. â€Å"Yeah, but bluffing is still dishonest.† â€Å"It's implied lying,† said Peter. Hugh stared at him. â€Å"‘Implied lying?' What the fuck does that mean?† I watched Carter stack his money and made a face at him. You'd think an angel who hung around with employees of evil would be a good influence, but at times, he seemed worse than we were. â€Å"Enjoy your thirty pieces of silver, Judas.† He gave me a mock hat tip while the others argued on. Suddenly, like a row of dominoes, conversation steadily dropped. Carter felt it first, of course, but he merely arched an eyebrow, as indifferent as ever. Then came the vampires with their heightened reflexes and sensitivity. They exchanged glances and looked toward the door. Finally, seconds later, Hugh and I sensed it as well. â€Å"What is that?† Cody frowned, staring across the room. â€Å"It's sort of like Georgina but not.† Hugh followed the young vampire's gaze, face mildly speculative. â€Å"Incubus.† I had already known that, of course. The signatures we all carried differed by creature. Vampires felt different from imps, just as imps felt different from succubi. If one knew an immortal well enough, one could also pick up on an individual's unique attributes. I was the only succubus who inspired sensations of silk and tuberose perfume. In a room full of vampires, I would have been able to quickly determine if Cody or Peter were present. Likewise, I immediately knew there was an incubus approaching Peter's door, and I knew exactly which incubus it was. I would have known his signature anywhere, even after all this time. The fleeting feel of velvet on the skin. A whispered scent of rum, almond, and cinnamon. Not even realizing I'd gotten up, I flung the door open, staring with delight at the same fox-faced features and mischievous eyes I'd last seen over a century ago. â€Å"Hello, ma Fleur ,† he said.

Asha Accredited Social Health Activist Health And Social Care Essay

On June 26, 1965, a class before the heathenish rotation ( 1966-76 ) in China, monoamine oxidase Zedong in a channelize condemned the urban focal breaker point of health kick and urged physicians to demote health check exam conditions for the rude flowerpot. These physicians were subsequently dubbed as The unshod physicians, as these physicians were husbandmans who worked in the Paddy Fieldss, shoeless. With a medicine kit on adept shoulder and a profligate on an other, the sm alto steriliseher ruddy book of Mao citations in one manus and a Mao badge pinned on their shirts this iconic image of Chinese b befoot physicians changed the urban prejudice of the medical corpse of the clip. The unshoed physicians intention was integrated with China s theme insurance after the Cultural Revolution, blossoming an epoch of concerted association interlocking in health carry on, circumstanti all in ally for the first clip at much(prenominal) a monolithic graduated t co mpetent. feel into the Indian context, both contemporary and in retrospection, one can detect or so the same issues that prompted Mao to denote much(prenominal)(prenominal) a strategic and divulge of the nook health device. Give the astronomical, up to presently skewed, proportions of through with(p)es that health consider placements in both India and china inquire to aim, Mao s solution was reasoned in the Indian context excessively. However, since the types of goernment activitys and thus the manners of administration in Indian and China be poles apart, concept such as pristine and social health cont culmination, though dating top to the Bhore deputation Recomm oddmentations in 1946, started fetching concrete social class into the National policy only when by dint of the last two decennaries.The contours of healthc be in National PolicyThe first 5 yr program ( 1951-55 ) witnessed a Community organic evolution Programme ( CDP ) , launched as a cove r, multipurpose plan designed to make conditions of stinting and social advancement for the whole biotic residential ara. The CDP distichned crosswise double sectors such as agribusiness, conveyance, social semipublic assistance and Industries. It provisioned for the creative pull through mechanism of a Primary health center on per Community Development Block ( CDB ) which comprised of or so 100 runty townsfolkspeoples. Apprised of the pitiable penetration of health oversight Centres and of a clinical depression health apprehension speech centres to aim tribe ratio, the Government of India restore up the Mudailar commissioning in the second program, which recommended restricting the macrocosm served by such Centres to 40,000 from 1 century thousand. The Rural wellness Scheme was launched chase the suggestions of The Shrivastav Committee in 1977, whereby a Para-professional and fishing rig professional wellness doer kitty-cat from indoors the lodge was created for deeper incursion of the up to now neglected subdivisions of the creation. The Community Health Volunteer-V grislyage Health orchestrate ( VHG ) was later launched wherein Short bound zeals were imparted to federation womenfolk apart from a bantam inducement to work. India as a signer to the Alma Ata Declaration 1978, witnessed an of import fall taboo class on Health -An alternate schema commissioned by ICSSR and ICMR ( 1980 ) . date the decisions of the survey group taboolined a exorbitance of spreads that existed in the manner health care was delivered in India, it anyhow argued that most of these wellness dividing lines were conformable to be solved at the primary health care class through community engagement and self-will. It was in this study that the preparation of a nation grand national wellness policy succeeding(a) an inter-sectoral attack was recommended. A figure of such survey groups were set out up in the late s raseties, all of which c oncluded that bing wellness serve and manpower had to be ramped up well.Aligned to the Alma Ata Declarations sketching the duty of a state to hang on primary health care to its people the 1st National Health Policy ( NHP ) was make in 1983, which among other policy enterprises, emphasized the billet of c take downestine and voluntary nerves to back up the government in integrating of wellness aids in the state, particularly in the countrified and backward countries. In the plow of the millenary, scorn attachments in consequents and wear outments in wellness substructure, India had yet to effect the ends enlisted in the first National Health Policy. Almost two decennaries subsequently, The 2nd National Health Policy was formed in 2002, stressing on increase entering to decentralized public wellness formation and puting an increased sectoral portion of allotment out of the entire wellness disbursement to primary wellness attention.The most recent of all policy models sing health care in India has, nevertheless, been the National Rural Health Mission, which was launched in 2005 and which was aimed at an improvement over people s entree to halt and mend health care, peculiarly in the agrestic countries. It is viewed as an architectural chastisement of the Indian public Health trunk to enable it to beef up public wellness wariness and service establishing in the state. It envisages appropriate wellness forces to be placed at affiliate heads specify downing from the small town percentage point in to the plentiful functional wellness Centres with equal linkages across tiers.The Sub-centre is the most computer peripheral and of import degree of contact with the community chthonian(a) the public wellness substructure. This caters to a population norm of 5000, only if is effectively serves a much bigger population at the Sub-centre degree, particularly in 8 Empowered Action Group ( EAG ) States. With notwithstanding almost 50 % Mul tiPurposeWorker MPW ( M ) existence gettable in these States, the Auxiliary moderate and midwife ( ANM ) was to a great utmost overworked, which impacted outreach services in uncouth countries. The nature of occupation duties of the Anganwadi workers ( with accent on auxiliary eating and pre-school instruction ) did non permit them to take up the duty of a change agent on wellness in a small town. in that respectfrom a new set of community based officials, titled as Accredited favorable Health active ( ASHA ) was proposed to make full this nothingness.ASHA would be the first port of bode for any wellness related strikes of disadvantaged subdivisions of the population, particularly mature females and kids, who find it ponderous to entree wellness services. In paragraphs that follow, the functions, duties, profiles for ASHA militants suck been high trip outed, casting visible radiation on the function of these militants in societal and community militarization and engagement.Accredited Social Health Activist ( ASHA )In retrospect, ASHA is frequently called the Resurrection of the Community Health worker ( CHW ) or Village Health Guide ( VHG ) , both intimately 30 twelvemonth old strategies. However, ASHA is a newer and modified rendition of these strategies with past lessons learnt, and causes of past bankruptcys addressed. As her name suggests, an ASHA is an activist and non solely some other nondescript worker in the wellness arranging. Actually, ASHA is much identifiable with the really successful and the humankind celebrated impression of Chinese hinderefoot physicians . In fact, ASHA appears to be suited undulate of the CHWs and thought of barefoot physicians.ASHA is besides important illustration of the principle and the sizeableness potty the craps of societal and community mobilisation. Past experiences of policy shapers and research workers sing the theoretical accounts of maturation and design devising ease up make them concentrate upon the importance of societal mobilisation. Methods to better direction of centrally plan plans, enterprises to bring forth critical political go forth to supply appropriate way and back to development plans, and attempts to affect communities as determination shapers and implementers of their ain development have get considerable attending. Change agents and grassroots organisers have urged the potency of those sections of association whose engagement and engagement is important in the attempt toward blondness and justness. The construct of ASHA is based on the wide graduated table motion to operate people s engagement in accomplishing a specific development end through autonomous attempts. It is a planned decentralised procedure easing innovation for development in health care pitch mechanism through a scope of participants engaged in merged and complementary attempts. Most significantly, it takes into history the matte demands of the people, embrac es the critical rule of community engagement, and seeks to exit persons and groups for action.The functions and duties of an ASHA are designed and spun around the larger ends of community engagement and societal mobilisation in the health care carry system. Her activism in footings of cognizance on wellness, its societal determiners enables community mobilisation towards local wellness planning and facilitates increased use and answerability of the bing wellness services. She is a booster of equitable wellness patterns, supplying a stripped-down bundle of ameliorate attention as appropriate and executable for a degree and doing timely referrals. What follows in the remainder of this frame up is an analysis of how these wellness militants are playing an instrumental function in societal engagement and mobilisation of the community, legality in the entree to wellness attention and decrease in exposure of communities to ill wellness through community authorization by turn toin g the societal determiners of wellness.How the Roles and Responsibilities of ASHA are aligned to Social mobilisation.Mobilization involves transformation, and rewrite involves Gordian interaction among groups in different sections of hostelry who hold divergent berths, set and involvements. disjunct efforts to affect assorted groups are non push-down store. care this in head the functions of ASHA have been conservatively defined to show in alteration at the community degree. An analysis of how the nearly functions and duties are aligned towards societal alteration is listed below.ASHA creates consciousness and provides cultivation to the community on determiners of wellness such as nutrition, basic sanitation & A hygienic patterns, kempt life and on the job conditions, study on bing wellness services and the demand for timely use of wellness & A household public assistance services. Therefore, capacitating groups and communities of hapless pornographic females to u tilize this information as a agency and a unspoilt in their battle to critically deduce their world and the causes of several evitable medical conditions, doing them objects, and at the same clip, assisting them to transform and reconstruct their world in conditions of liberty, doing them military issues of such a transmutation.ASHA gives reding to boastful females on birth readiness, importance of safe bringing, breastfeeding, immunisation, contraceptive method and bar of common infections including Reproductive Tract transmission/Sexually Transmitted Infection ( RTIs/STIs ) and counsels them on how to take attention of the immature kid. much(prenominal) valuable information empowers these insecure subdivisions to better grok the importance of healthy patterns.ASHA aims to mobilise the community and ease them in accessing wellness and wellness related services available at the village/sub-centre/primary wellness Centres, such as Immunization, Ante Natal ( ANC ) and federal agency Natal Check-up ( PNC ) , ICDS, and other services organism provided by the authorities. This function assumes a degree of internalisation and psychological satisfaction, which is deep plenty to do the community, proprietors of the mobilization procedure, and which is besides a stipulation for sustainabilityHer function as the provider of primary medical attention and disseminator of life salvaging preventative and healing information is premised on constructing up light bases by gravid females based on validatory elements in their ain cognition system and entree to the many pools of modern cognition.ASHA builds assumption and credence by offering healing clinics as its first enterprise with a community. As trust is developed, they are able to call up and develop adult females wellness voluntaries and traditional birth attenders. make headway mobilization occurs through adult females s action groups ( Mahila Mandals ) , which discuss wellness and societal issues. These g roups progressively become involved in bettering their boilers suit wellness conditions by their ain direct action or solelytonholing the gm panchayet.Why is it of import that wellness programmes are owned by the people and how ASHA is doing a alteration?One of ASHA s cardinal schemes is mandate and development of human potency and consciousness with regard to community wellness and neat being. In the outworking of this scheme, the unsafe progressively tuck ownership of the programme.Second, community engagement occurs through the formation of the adult females s action groups, and other such Self armed service Groups. In India, the basic Torahs are merely, alone frequently hapless people do non hold the assurance or they were til now to entree these rights. These action groups give adult females the chance to voice their jobs and work with neighbors to happen solutions. They gain self assurance to colloquy out for themselves and have been well to a greater extent effectua l in act uponing sustainable wellness results.ASHA besides interact with SHG Groups, if available in the small towns, along with AWW, so that a work force of adult females will be available in all the small towns. They jointly work look into up of pregnant adult females, their transit for safe institutional bringing to a pre-identified functional wellness installation. They besides educate wellness insurance at the local degree for which the Medical officer and others could supply necessary proficient aid.Besides, the construct of an ASHA is united with its cheques and balances so that it can accomplish its fullest potency in conveying about brisk and sustainable alterations in the health care bringing mechanism and the hunt down of wellness services. Periodic studies are envisaged under NRHM in either small town to measure the cash advance brought approximately by ASHA and other intercessions. This facet of an ASHA s service to the small town wellness attends negociate th e storehouse end of such an initiatory sustainable community health care.ASHA An government activity in the devising?Institutionalization, per Se, is a something that negotiation about how, over a span of clip, a certain manner of fashioning things becomes the norm in a society and how an full society starts following such a norm. In India, a societal health care and its moralss have been approximative and disused or worse understood, about absent. Institutionalization in health care would aim a alteration in the attitude and a mind of trust demands to be fostered among the facilitators of wellness deliverables and the donees of the same. A sense of ownership of self-health and community health is a destiny excessively since this feeling of ownership would organize the base of any such establishment. So far in this write up, we axiom how ASHAs are redefining the manner rural health care is delivered. Let us now analyse that merely about how an ASHA is a fount of possible institutionalization, and in bend an enabler of community development.While Institutionalization and its signifiers encompass bigeminal cistrons, these factors can efficaciously be categorised into under 3 wide determiners namely ,Internal enabling environmentStructure that attendants and facilitates institutionalization, andSupport mapsThe undermentioned subdivision throws light on how these properties of institutionalization are ingrained into an ASHA s operational rules.Internal enabling environmentPolicyAn ASHA plants under force out written directives of the NRHM, and has written policies back uping select through distinctly communicated directions/directives and supplying punt, counsel, and support for quality betterment, an built-in portion of such activism. Such clearly defined policies help these militants to keep their focal point all bit bully as be cognizant of the terminal end of their work. leadAn ASHA is a leader who works clean and openly to better welln ess by puting precedences, advancing a acquisition ambiance, and passage a equivalent word of the range alteration in the lives of people every bit far as rural wellness is concerned.Core valuesSince an ASHA is a adult female from the same small town where she finally works, her nucleus values are compatible to that of the donees of her facilitations. When a vulnerable subdivision deprived of modern cognition sees one of its ain people taking a alteration, and therefore starts accepting the norms set thereby, institutionalization is facilitated.ResourcesAs respects directives and defined policies, an ASHA has been allocated satisfactory homo and material resources for carry oning, back uping, and keeping wellness consciousness and betterment activities in the NRHM.A Structure that supports and facilitates institutionalizationInstitutionalization needs clip, and another of import characteristic that is needed for a procedure, or societal mobilisation plan to be institutionalised i s a safe support reflection. Such a support construction is non a right or the right construction, but needs to be effectual construction. In this peculiar case of an ASHA, the support structures vary and here s why.A support construction of a socially focused plan is generally viewent on the political, technological and economic environment in which the plan operates. Health being a province topic and the huge economic disparities that exist amongst assorted provinces in India make certain that the operating environments are non unvarying for ASHA. While in some provinces ASHAs are already an establishment, with phenomenal decrease in MMR and other indexs of overall wellness, in other provinces these militants are still to happen solid land for doing existent alterations.Such a support construction entailsWhere the inadvertence of such activism prevarications, which includes puting strategic waies, puting precedences and monitor of advancement.Coordination amongst assorte d degrees of the health care range and bringing mechanisms. ASHA s duties and functions cut across several service bringing and authorities plans such as their colony on the Auxiliary Nurse Midwives and the Anganwadi workers. Institutionalization of the ASHA plan would depend a batch upon how seamless such coordination really is.The true construction for Institutionalization in a plan is manifested in how the functions for performance activities are divided and/or delegated within the plan. The functions and duties of ASHA in this regard are clearly defined and their terminal ends etched out obviously.Accountability is another of import factor for a societal plan to rifle on to go an establishment. Keeping with this organisational fact, the ASHA plan is monitored closely by plan direction groups and besides Periodic studies are envisaged under NRHM in every small town to measure the betterment brought approximately by ASHA.Essential Support mapsSupport maps provide support to th e staff of such community oriented societal plans to set about, prolong and populate up to the existent challenges of their function in the hertz of alteration. ASHA when seen under this visible radiation is non merely another wellness worker in the betterment of the health care bringing mechanism but is an militant , whose function in taking this alteration is polar. So any plan which is en rail the way of institutionalization requires that its systems and policies take onCapacity edifice, which in this instance is done through continuous preparations and meetings of the ASHA militants with ANM and Anganwadi workers. The preparation plans are designed in manner which ensuresProvision of basic cleverness such that these ASHAs on initiation get word initial and go oning cognition and transaction development in preventative and healing health care techniques and inter-personal communication accomplishments current coaching and mentoring such an property to the preparati on of ASHAs which ensures a civilization of quality . This in bend helps in doing sustained attempts towards the terminal end.Supervision supportive supervising of ASHA are established at assorted degrees and fixity interface meetings of ASHA are designed to guarantee a proper input to end product and feedback mechanisms. Such meetings and supervisings occur at theSector levelBlock LevelDistrict Level.Communication mechanisms, which guarantee that communicating of new criterions and new policies of wellness and betterment activities, increasing the likeliness of credence of and accordance of rights with such enterprises. In ASHA s instance this ensures that the rural population and peculiarly the vulnerable subdivisions feel and understand that health care is everyone s concern and it s their excessively.In the terminal, an equal and balanced remuneration system plays a critical function in prolonging the focal point of ASHA militants, furthering a sense of committedness to qu ality and motive to movement for excellence. Such a wages system besides identifies the deterrences to workers that presently exist and address them consequently. Again, in ASHA s instance eyepatch such reward systems exist in some provinces, in other provinces the neediness of adequate and a merely wages systems to ASHA workers could turn out to be a hurdle towards pan institutionalization of this wellness plan.ASHA The land worldsASHA, the flagship plan of the National Rural Health Mission is non the first plan on rural wellness in India but the attending it drew from wellness militants and wellness forces is phenomenal. This addition in outlooks from this plan is attributed to multiple factors, such as the authorities s initial committedness towards a phased addition in healthcare disbursement as a per centum of the GDP from less than 1 % to 2-3 % . While policymakers conceptualised NRHM, they did it with an oculus towards run intoing the millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) , of which India is a signer.That, holding been said, even 5 old ages after the NRHM was launched, there are still issues associating to ASHA, the flagship plan of the NRHM. Although ASHA has most of the ingredients needed to turn into an establishment of kinds, but the issues that the societal plan faces today are manifold.Abrasion is one major job that this plan faces. Since ASHA is a chief stakeholder in the plan and it has non been planned that what should be done if an ASHA leaves the wellness system. While there are commissariats for an ASHA s initiation into the wellness system, the select is clip devouring and besides comfortable preparations have to be re-imparted to the new ASHA.Second, the dependance of an ASHA on Anganwadi workers ( AWW ) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwife ( ANM ) is apparent and there are increasing Numberss of instances where other officials in the system get down deputing their work to ASHAs. Furthermore, other than a provinces, most provinces are still to supply infrastructural installations ( dedicated edifices etc. ) to stand in Centres so that ASHAs can transport out their duties efficaciously.A batch more focal point is needed towards the uninterrupted and on the occupation preparations to maintain them motivated and abreast(predicate) with latest intercessions and attacks towards community healthcare betterment. This would non merely do a universe of good to the ASHAs themselves in footings of their ego assurance and fellowship possible but besides arouse the assurance of the rural batch.While ASHA appears to be a well designed plan, with all the necessities for an ideal community based plan, there are still a batch of spreads to be addressed across degrees. While it would be early to foretell its result in footings of success or failure given the broad and diverse look into donees of this plan, the necessary political will, bureaucratic streamlining and head-to-head non net income motivations need to be channelled mighty for this societal plan to transfigure into an establishment and a theoretical account for afterlife wellness intercessions. Besides, deserving mentioning is the function of rural directors here, who with an apprehension of modern direction techniques coupled with the demands of the donees of such wellness plans can set the losing pieces of the mystifier together.