Medicare and Medicaid Cuts Essay

The debate on health care spending has been highly contested and remains the top most agenda on the Obama administration. The U. S government has been pursuing effective health care reforms for quite a long period of time. Focus has been on developing a plan that reduces government spending on heath and home care reimbursements while increasing the regard for insurance cover. An important aspect of these reforms is the reduction in budgetary spending on Medicare and Medicaid programs (Meena, et al. 006). President Obama in 2009 announced the $ 313 reduction in Medicaid and Medicare efficiencies as a move to accomplish the proposed savings essential for facilitating the administration’s heath-care plan. Currently, the cut on Medicare reimbursements paid for health care access costs by psychiatric patients, the elderly and the disabled stands at about 21%. In justifying these cuts, the U. S government points out that the funds would be less essential in the light of a new health care reform. However, at the current economic status and the increasingly declining rates of hospital revenues, this move has resulted into the rationing of medical and home care services, high payroll taxes, and closure of departments and hospitals. According to a study conducted by the American Hospital Association (AHA) regarding these cuts, about one in every five hospitals have already reduced a number of health care services such as outpatient services, post-acute care and behavioural health; as they have had to reduce overhead costs resulting from the cuts (Shen, 2003). These cuts will affect millions of people especially seniors, military families and the disabled who depend greatly on Medicare. This is because accessibility to physician help will be minimized. In support of medical practitioners, The American Medical Association (AMA) argues against these cuts on the basis that they are derived through an unreliable method of determining the physicians’ reimbursements and which according to them ought to be reviewed. It is imperative to also note that the effects of these cuts are being transferred to the public through increased insurance costs. Effects on Access, Cost and Quality of Psychiatric Care There is evidence that patient’s access to health and home care has been increasingly diminishing in the past few years and even got worse following the recent 21% Medicare cuts. Physicians argue that this has been prompted by the increased costs in the provision of medical care services due to the reimbursement cuts. For instance, by the year 2005, medical care provision costs had been projected to be about 40% more than the in 1991 (White, & Dranove 1998). In 2008, about $ 879 million was spent by hospitals in Michigan in subsiding services for the patients affected by the cuts. There have also been care rationing, reduction in provision of vital medical services and closure of hospital departments has been prevalent. This means that access to heath care services by concerned individuals has reduced significantly. A number of medical practitioners have been forced to stop providing psychiatric services to patients due to high overhead costs (Meena, et al. 2006). The reduced Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements have made it impossible for psychiatrists to effectively provide care to long-term-care clients as well. There are reports of psychiatrists declining to provide consultation services in nursing homes as result of the lower rates of Medicaid and Medicare reimbursements received. According to the chair of the Geriatric Psychiatry committee for the Maryland Psychiatric Society, Allan Anderson, the cuts are a drawback to the willingness of the psychiatrists to provide care for the Medicare-based patients (Mulligan, 2002). Geriatric patients currently are underserved. Psychiatrists argue that due to a reduced access to psychiatric care such in cases demanding early interventions, most psychiatric patients are ending up complications. Doctors note that the cuts make it difficult for them to meet the requirements of their practice such as administrative issues and thus end up restricting their caseloads on Medicare. Currently, Medicaid does not take responsibility of the complete co pay for patients on both the Medicaid and Medicare and this has made a number of clinics to close to avoid the extra burden of absorbing the costs of treating these patients. For instance, Minnesota’s Mayo Clinic incurred a loss of about $ 34. 2 million in years 2002 and 2003 due to these cuts and it is such losses that are pushing clinics to close down minimizing access to health acre even more. Access to healthcare for the Medicare patients is increasingly becoming expensive and complicated given that the ability to pay currently determines this access (White, & Dranove 1998). Most heath facilities have had to cut down on their provisions of vital services that the seniors, the metal disabled and the military personnel within the community rely on to protect their bottom lines. Affected patients are being forced to skip visits to hospitals and this has prompted the providers to restrict access through costs. Impact on Psychiatrists and Other Medical and Home Care Providers A study of about 14,000 anaesthologists and surgeons indicate that most medical care providers will change their practice thus jeopardizing health care provision. A third of those studied said they will cease to practice as Medicare psychiatrists. This will adversely affect their quality of life. Practical challenges are forcing the providers to halt providing some Medicare related services, cutback on staff, minimize time allocated for Medicare patients and/or halt further purchase of equipments essential for serving such patients (Konetzka, et al. 2005). This will limit the doctor’s practice adversely. Some medical and home care providers have been forced to quit their practice following the high overhead resulting from the high costs incurred in attending to Medicare patients. Hospitals are being forced to resize on Medicare patients’ staff since hospitals have had to absorb care costs. Individual practitioners are more affected. Reimbursements cuts are prompting hospitals to focus on other non-reimbursement-dependent care services while closing down departments as well as cutting back on services to enable hospitals protect their bottom lines. This trend is prevalent even in community hospitals. In this regards, hospitals and home care provision establishments have had to reduce the number of practitioners providing these services and hence most are on the verge of losing their jobs should the cuts continue as anticipated (Mulligan, 2002). This implies that the government will only be solving on problem while creating multitude of others such unemployment. Many hospitals have also resulted in freezing of workers’ salaries and hence compromising their motivation. Impact on Taxpayers According to Randall (2009), the 2005’s 3 % reimbursement cut resulted into a $ 49 billion in terms of cost on permanent reforms. Currently, the Medicare reimbursement cut stands at 21% at a reform cost of about $ 210 billion. Medicare and Medicaid programs are funded by pay roll taxes. According to the health care reform bill, there will be an expansion of the pay roll tax associated with the Medicare to cover unearned income. It is projected that beginning year 2018; insurance firms will be required to pay an excise tax of about 40% for plans where family premiums range from $ 27, 500 and above (Sam, 2006). Experts note that these payroll tax effects will be transferred to employees in terms of lowers wages and benefits or in terms of higher premiums. This comes at a time when the government is focused on laying strict measure to ensure that people have health insurance. Further, it is also projected that from year 2013, adjustable spending accounts which currently enable users to skip various expenses on health care, will reduced or limited. In regards to the high income earning population, families earning in excess of $ 250, 000 will be required to spend way above what they spend currently on medical payroll taxes. Moreover, the now exempt unearned income will also be subjected to 3. 8 percent in payroll taxes. Individuals and families are definitely feeling the weight of these Medicaid and Medicare cuts through increased payroll taxes. This is because the federal government is focusing on insurances an alterative to help patients meet their health care costs. A 2005study by the Kaiser Family Foundation on employer health benefits indicates that family coverage premiums had increased by an average of about 9. 2 percent (Sam, 2006). Health insurance expenses have made it costly to employees as they are subjected to deductions for the same. At the same time, the mean per month contribution by employees on family plans increased to $ 226 in year 2005 form 2000’s $135. These are some of the costs that the citizens are bearing at the expense of the reduction in Medicare and Medicaid cuts.

P1 describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting businesses. Essay

P1 describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting businesses. For this assignment I am going to select two businesses, one which will be local and not-for-profit organization and the second will be an international business and for profit. The two businesses I have chosen to use for this task are Asda Stores Ltd. and Welcare, Reigate. Type of Business: Asda Stores Limited, commonly known as ASDA, is the second largest retail store and a national public limited company. It is a profitable business and it is the subsidiary of American company Wal-Mart. It was founded in 1949. Furthermore as Asda is a profitable business it is also in the private sector. Welcare is a local charitable, non-profit organization. They earn no profit out of their work however do accept forms of donations and fundraisers. The charity was set up by a church over 100 years ago. It was originally founded in 1894. Furthermore as it a nonprofit business and is giving service it is in the public sector. Purpose of the business: A charity is a group of profitable people whose aim is to give a service and help those in need. Welcare charity provides services which include social work and family support, support groups and life skill workshops and also a children’s health clinic. They work to keep families together, and encourage parents to give their children a happier childhood. Asda is a retail supermarket and the purposed of Asda is to make profit and to supply goods to customers. It sells general merchandise such as food, drink, clothing and various other items. It also has services such as insurance, financial services and a mobile telephone network. Business Ownership and level of liability: Asda was founded by Associated Dairies & Farm Stores Limited in 1949. This is situated in Leeds. The company has limited liability, therefore any debts within the company are paid by shareholders investment and this means the owner wouldn’t have to sell their assets and belonging to pay the debt. Being a shareholding company you can freely sell shares, this is an easy way to have money contributed to the company. Welcare was founded in 1894, and was originally called The Diocesan Association for the Care of Friendless  Girls. This company has limited liability, this means any debt is paid for and the owners do not have to sell any assets.

What It Takes To Be A Leader †English Essay

What It Takes To Be A Leader – English Essay Free Online Research Papers What It Takes To Be A Leader English Essay In the late nineties, I was the vice president of Afternoon Helpers, a district program in Switzerland, whose purpose was to improve the educational performance of students in the primary and secondary school districts. My high school philosophy teacher, the president and founder of the program, had asked me to join the group since she was aware of my successful participation in other volunteer activities. After one year, she appointed me vice president, a position that I viewed as a challenge. I immediately loved the experience, once I had defined the problem: the volunteers were frequently doing homework, instead of spending time getting the children to accomplish their tasks. The method solved only an immediate problem; it did not promote productive work habits that would last a lifetime. Working with teachers and students from different disciplines, I investigated the problems of educational design and soon realized that my own constructive concepts would greatly benefit the program. I began confidently expressing my ideas in the debriefing meetings. We cannot change what we do until we change how we think, and we cannot change how we think until we change who we are. I felt compelled to state this idea during one meeting. Perhaps the cold, rainy atmosphere outside affected the acceptance level of attendees inside, because the deafening silence that followed indicated their disapproval of my attitude and my words. I was convinced that there was an impending need for the program to be updated, but I was not factoring in my age in relation to the other members. Still, I persisted. I continued to explore the educational process. â€Å"Reframing! That is the point.† I then encouraged the group to improve continuously, to change our paradigm, and to think out-of-the-box. My challenging dream was to analyze what we were doing for the students and to respond more creatively to the overwhelming problem, the students’ lack of interest in academic achievement. We should teach students to improve their vocabulary by using context to understand new words, instead of memorizing lists; we could match them with pen pals who shared particular interests, thereby successfully improving their writing skills; and we could correlate scientific theories with real innovations, such as CD, to show them the important role that science plays in their lives. Constructive action would promote classroom interest. As I continued speaking, the mood of my audience changed; tension dissipated as they heard my sincere pleas for constructive changes that would make a difference in local educational opportunities. I observed shared glances that were thoughtful, touching, and even approving. My teacher, more than anyone, nodded her agreement. When it was her turn to speak, she used the wording that we had prepared together. I took a deep breath, feeling relaxed and completely fulfilled. Only then did I understand why I had been appointed vice president at such a young age; my teacher was convinced that I had the leadership potential to effect change and reframe the general habits of the volunteer staff Research Papers on What It Takes To Be A Leader - English EssayStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

How to Write a Case Study Analysis for Business School

How to Write a Case Study Analysis for Business School When writing a business case study analysis, you must first have a good understanding of the case study. Before you begin the steps below, read the business case carefully, taking notes all the while. It may be necessary to read the case several times to get all of the details and fully grasp the issues facing the group, company, or industry. As you are reading, do your best to identify key issues, key players, and the most pertinent facts. After you are comfortable with the information, use the following step-by-step instructions (geared toward a single-company analysis) to write your report. To write about an industry, just adapt the steps listed here to discuss the segment as a whole. Step 1: Investigate the Company’s History and Growth A company’s past can greatly affect the present and future state of the organization. To begin, investigate the company’s founding, critical incidents, structure, and growth. Create a timeline of events, issues, and achievements. This timeline will come in handy for the next step.   Step 2: Identify Strengths and Weaknesses Using the information you gathered in step one, continue by examining and making a list of the value creation functions of the company. For example, the company may be weak in product development but strong in marketing. Make a list of problems that have occurred and note the effects they have had on the company. You should also list areas where the company has excelled. Note the effects of these incidents as well. Youre essentially conducting a partial  SWOT analysis  to get a better understanding of the companys strengths and weaknesses. A SWOT analysis involves documenting things like internal strengths (S) and weaknesses (W)  and  external opportunities (O) and threats (T).   Step 3: Examine the External Environment The third step involves identifying opportunities and threats within the company’s external environment. This is where the second part of the SWOT analysis (the O and the T)  comes into play. Special items to note include competition within the industry, bargaining powers, and the threat of substitute products. Some examples of opportunities include expansion into new markets or new technology. Some examples of threats include  increasing competition and higher interest rates. Step 4: Analyze Your Findings Using the information in steps 2 and 3, create an evaluation for this portion of your case study analysis. Compare the strengths and weaknesses within the company to the external threats and opportunities. Determine if the company is in a strong competitive position, and decide if it can continue at its current pace successfully. Step 5: Identify Corporate-Level Strategy To identify a company’s corporate-level strategy, identify and evaluate the company’s mission, goals, and actions toward those goals. Analyze the company’s line of business and its subsidiaries and acquisitions. You also want to debate the pros and cons of the company strategy to determine whether or not a change might benefit the company in the short or long term.​ Step 6: Identify Business-Level Strategy Thus far, your case study analysis has identified the company’s corporate-level strategy. To perform a complete analysis, you will need to identify the company’s business-level strategy. (Note: If it is a single business, without multiple companies under one umbrella, and not an industry-wide review, the corporate strategy and the business-level strategy are the same.) For this part, you should identify and analyze each company’s competitive strategy, marketing strategy, costs, and general focus. Step 7: Analyze Implementations This portion requires that you identify and analyze the structure and control systems that the company is using to implement its business strategies. Evaluate organizational change, levels of hierarchy, employee rewards, conflicts, and other issues that are important to the company you are analyzing. Step 8: Make Recommendations The final part of your case study analysis should include your recommendations for the company. Every recommendation you make should be based on and supported by the context of your analysis. Never share hunches or make a baseless recommendation. You also want to make sure that your suggested solutions are actually realistic. If the solutions cannot be implemented due to some sort of restraint, they are not realistic enough to make the final cut. Finally, consider some of the alternative solutions that you considered and rejected. Write down the reasons why these solutions were rejected.   Step 9: Review Look over your analysis when you have finished writing. Critique your work to make sure every step has been covered. Look for grammatical errors, poor sentence structure, or other things that can be improved. It should be clear, accurate, and professional. Business Case Study Analysis Tips Keep these strategic tips in mind: Know the case study ​backward and forward before you begin your case study analysis.Give yourself enough time to write the case study analysis. You dont want to rush through it.Be honest in your evaluations. Dont let personal issues and opinions cloud your judgment.Be analytical, not descriptive.Proofread your work, and even let a test reader give it a once-over for dropped words or typos that you no longer can see.

Essay on Ethical Voting (Sample)

Essay on Ethical Voting (Sample) Essay on Ethical Voting How we vote matters. When we vote, we can aggravate government better or, and thusly, improve individuals lives. Terrible decisions at the surveys can crush monetary open doors, create emergencies that settle for what is most convenient option of living, prompt vile and superfluous wars (and subsequently to a huge number of passing’s), prompt sexist, bigot, and homophobic enactment, help fortify destitution, deliver excessively correctional criminal enactment etc. Voting dislikes picking what to eat off an eaterys menu. However, when voters settle on terrible decisions at the surveys, everybody endures. Untrustworthy voting can hurt guiltless individuals. How other individuals vote is my business. All things considered, they make it my business. Appointive choices are forced upon all through constraints, that is, through brutality and dangers of savagery. With regards to legislative issues, we are not allowed to leave terrible choices. Voters force externalities upon others. We could never say to everybody, Who cares in the event that you know anything about surgery or medication? The imperative thing is that you make your cut. Yet for reasons unknown, we do state, It doesnt make a difference on the off chance that you know much about legislative issues. The imperative thing is to vote. In the two cases, bumbling basic leadership can hurt pure individuals. Practical ethical quality instructs us to treat the two cases in an unexpected way. Conventional ethical quality isnt right. In The Ethics of Voting, I contend that residents have no standing good commitment to vote. Voting is only one of numerous ways one can pay an obligation to society, serve different subjects, advance the benefit of everyone, practice community uprightness, and keep away from free-riding off the endeavors of others. Taking part in governmental issues is not all that much, ethically. Be that as it may, I contend that if residents do choose to vote, they have exceptionally strict good commitments with respect to how they vote. I contend that nationals must vote in favor of what they justifiably accept will advance the benefit of everyone, or else they should avoid. That is, voters should vote on the premise of sound confirmation. They should put in substantial work to ensure their explanations behind voting as they do are ethically and epistemic ally legitimized. As a rule, they should vote in favor of the benefit of everyone instead of for limit self-intrigue. Residents who are unwilling or unfit to put in the diligent work of ending up great voters ought not to vote by any stretch of the imagination. They should remain home on race day as opposed to dirty the surveys with their awful votes. When we vote, we can aggravate government better or. Thus, our votes can exacerbate individuals lives better or. On the off-chance that we settle on awful decisions at the surveys, we get bigot, sexist, and homophobic laws. Monetary open doors vanish or neglect to emerge. We fight crooked and pointless wars. We burn through trillions on strange boost plans and privilege programs that do little to animate economies or lighten neediness. We neglect to burn through cash on programs that would work better. We get overregulation in a few spots, under regulation in others, furthermore, bunches of direction whose sole impact is to secure out of line financial focal points for unique interests. We inflict and propagate foul play. We abandon poor people. We wage medicate wars that ghettoize inward urban areas. We toss an excessive number of individuals behind bars. We base our movement and exchange arrangements on xenophobia and ancient monetary speculations. Voting is ethically significant. Voting changes the quality, scope, and sort of government.

(Love) Message in Pop Culture Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(Love) Message in Pop Culture Paper - Essay Example ngs such as â€Å"The message† and â€Å"The adventure.† It sets straight his path on purpose and stress on living a life that is positive showing love to everyone. The release of sophomore, I-Empire transforms their inner self and having a facelift of their outside. The songs â€Å"Everything is magic† and â€Å"secret crowds† facilitated their outward transformation. They sang on transforming the world that surrounds us. Then lastly, Love pt.1. This is the ultimate point where their message is fully let out. It deliberates more on the relationship that binds us. The two albums have had an impact on life mysteries and the beauty power. All this is contained in majestic synths crescendo, soar of guitar riffs and drums pulsation. The song has transformed many. It has left many looking for experiences. Just like the biblical prophet his message felt on the deaf hears. He was discriminated on by religious crowds. This is same as the biblical story on reception of John the Baptist. Despite of the discrimination he flew high influencing their customers with potty humor and pants that are baggy. They equip their listeners with messages of love and hope. He is critical on the position of the church. This was largely on double Christian nature an hypocrisy. His lyrics invoke backbiting images and the urge to look holier when our actions stand on its own. He clearly jogs our memory by informing us that we benefit less in assuming a grin that is fake, acting as if we are fine yet we are broken and hearted. In his role as an artist he crafts his teaching from the bible. He assumes a role similar to that played by biblical John. So to his lyrics he lays bare the heart wrenching future visions, of violence and war. However, this also carries the message of truth, love and hope. These words exceed our understanding. His revelations are all in form of love, hope and the end of the world. He is simply honest yet his approach on acknowledging the return of Christ is unique. He

Article of Jennifer A Colemans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Article of Jennifer A Colemans - Essay Example I can vouch for the validity of this argument since most females I come into contact with are always complaining about how ‘fat’ and ‘ugly’ they look. This sort of thinking can be potentially damaging to the human psyche. In the concluding paragraph, Coleman states how discrimination on grounds of religion, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation are not tolerated with severe consequences for, for example, employers treating their employees this way. She laments that discrimination due to weight is not only tolerated, fat people are taught to accept it as their due, the whole thing being reinforced by the attitudes of people in our daily lives. I can relate to this sort of singling out and do agree that such ‘offenders’ are allowed to go unpunished. A joke about fat or over-weight people is as disturbing and as wrong as a racial comment. I also agree with Coleman when she says that such behavior should not be tolerated, though I must admit I am n ot overly fussed when such remarks are directed towards me. Finally, I want to state that a person’s body type or their weight is not an indicator of their personality. People should eat healthily and stay fit for their own sake and not because they want to please others. The main difference between Coleman’s approach and mine, when it comes to this issue, is that I do not take the opinion of others so personally, nor do I think it is my duty to conform according to what society tells me. If one is comfortable in their own self, there is no way society can make one feel bad.